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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 14, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles
06:48

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles

Published on: June 14, 2024

ステアリングの表面ポリメリゼーションは,金属向けテンプレートによるものです.

Tao Lin1, Xue Song Shang, Jinne Adisoejoso

  • 1Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

金属向けテンプレートは,表面上の制御されたポリメリゼーションを可能にし,均一なマクロ分子ポーフィリン構造を生成します. このボトムアップ合成の進歩は,表面にオーダーされた,サイズ固有のマクロモレキュルを提供します.

さらに関連する動画

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: February 18, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles
06:48

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles

Published on: June 14, 2024

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: February 18, 2022

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 表面化学について
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学

背景:

  • 表面ポリメリゼーションは,マクロ分子構造を作成するためのボトムアップ方法です.
  • 現在の方法は,しばしば広範囲のサイズ分布と乱れた吸附を伴う.

研究 の 目的:

  • 金属向けテンプレートを使用して,制御された表面ポリメリゼーションのための戦略を開発する.
  • 狭いサイズ分布と高次元のマクロ分子ポルフィリン構造を合成する.

主な方法:

  • ピリジルおよびブロミン末端グループを持つ二機能前駆体を使用した.
  • ピリジル-Cu-ピリジル調整を基にした線形テンプレート戦略を,Au111) 表面で採用した.
  • スキャントンネル顕微鏡と運動モンテカルロシミュレーションを用いたポリメリゼーションの調査.

主要な成果:

  • モノメアの制御されたウルマン結合を金属誘導テンプレートで達成した.
  • 狭いサイズ分布を持つ合成されたマクロ分子ポーフィリン構造.
  • C-C結合形成を触媒化し,サイズを制御し,構造を組織する銅の役割を実証した.

結論:

  • 金属誘導型テンプレートは,表面上のポリメリゼーションを正確に制御できます.
  • この方法は,高度に秩序づけられた,サイズ固有のマクロ分子ポルフィリンを合成することを可能にします.
  • このアプローチは,機能的なマクロ分子アーキテクチャのボトムアップ製造を進めている.