喘息における微生物と粘膜の免疫反応
Trevor T Hansel1, Sebastian L Johnston, Peter J Openshaw
1National Heart and Lung Institute, Centre for Respiratory Infection, MRC, London, UK. t.hansel@imperial.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|February 23, 2013
まとめ
微生物群は免疫ホメオスタシスと喘息の発症に影響する. 呼吸器粘膜との微生物の相互作用を理解することは,パーソナライズされた喘息治療のための新しい経路を提供します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 肺内科 肺内科 肺内科
背景:
- 世界的に増加する喘息とアトピー率は,バクテリアへの曝露の減少と関連しています.
- 微生物群は免疫ホメオスタシスを維持し,病原菌に対する反応に影響を与えます.
- 呼吸器系ウイルスやアレルゲンは,喘息を誘発したり悪化させたりします.
研究 の 目的:
- 微生物が喘息で粘膜の炎症を誘発する方法に関する統一された理論を提案する.
- 喘息の発症および悪化における微生物被曝の役割を調査する.
- 新しいパーソナライズされた喘息治療のための潜在的な標的を特定する.
主な方法:
- ホストの先天的感知システムを調査する.
- 微生物への曝露を特徴付けるための先進的な方法を使用します.
- 呼吸器粘膜における上皮細胞,樹状細胞,リンパ球間の相互作用を分析する.
主要な成果:
- 生まれつきの免疫反応には,パターン認識受容体と病原体に関連した分子パターンが含まれます.
- これらの相互作用は,I型インターフェロン,サイトカイン,およびT-ヘルパー-2反応を誘発する.
- 異なる喘息のフェノタイプは,これらの調整された免疫反応によって説明されます.
結論:
- 微生物への曝露は"アトピー行進"と喘息の悪化の中心にある.
- 微生物と宿主との相互作用を標的とした新しい治療法は正当化されています.
- ホストのバイオマーカーは,パーソナライズされた喘息管理を可能にします.
関連する概念動画
01:29Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
01:28Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
01:29Asthma-I: Introduction
Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
01:20Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
01:18Surface Membrane Barriers
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...