低温水相メタノールを脱水して水素と二酸化炭素に変換する
Martin Nielsen1, Elisabetta Alberico, Wolfgang Baumann
1Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Eingetragener Verein an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany.
Nature
|March 1, 2013
まとめ
新しい低温プロセスは,ルテニウム触媒を使用してメタノールから水素を効率的に生成します. このブレークスルーにより",水素経済"において,特にモバイルデバイスにおいて,実用的な水素貯蔵と輸送が可能になる.
科学分野:
- カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス
- 再生可能エネルギーの再生可能エネルギー
- 材料科学 材料科学とは
背景:
- 水素はクリーンなエネルギー源ですが,輸送と貯蔵は困難です.
- メタノールは液体水素の媒介体ですが,現在の生産方法には高温と高圧が必要です.
- "水素経済"には,効率的で実用的な水素貯蔵・配送ソリューションが必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- メタノールから水素を生産するための効率的な低温プロセスの開発.
- モバイルアプリケーションの水素キャリアとしてのメタノールの実用的な使用を可能にする.
主な方法:
- 低温水相メタノールの脱水処理を開発した.
- 反応の触媒としてルテニウム複合体を利用した.
- プロセスは65~95°Cと環境圧で動作した.
主要な成果:
- 優れた触媒回転周波数 (時当たり4,700回) を達成しました.
- 高い触媒回転数 (35万を超える) を実証した.
- 穏やかな条件下でメタノールから水素を成功裏に生成した.
結論:
- 説明されているプロセスは,メタノールから水素を生成するための効率的で実行可能な方法を提供します.
- この進歩は,水素キャリアとしてのメタノールの実用的な実装をサポートします.
- この発見は,モバイルデバイスを含む様々なアプリケーションのための"水素経済"の開発を促進します.
関連する概念動画
02:13Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
02:24Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
02:35Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
01:09Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction
Wolff–Kishner reduction involves converting aldehydes and ketones to alkanes using hydrazine and a base. The reaction converts a carbonyl group to a methylene group. The method was independently discovered by N. Kishner in 1911 and L. Wolff in 1912. The reduction is carried out in high-boiling solvents such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol because heat is required to deprotonate the N–H proton in one of the reaction steps.
01:33Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.