開発途上国における難民・流亡者集団における過剰死亡率の予防
1Technical Support Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|June 27, 1990
まとめ
難民や避難者のための国際的救援活動は,重大な失敗に直面しています. 高い死亡率,特に子供の死亡率は,栄養失調と病気によって引き起こされ,援助の調整と公衆衛生プログラムの緊急改善が求められています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 国際関係 国際関係
- 防災医療 災害医療について
背景:
- 開発途上国の3000万人以上の難民と国内避難民 (IDPs) は,国際援助に頼っています.
- 米国を含む西側諸国は,この支援の主要な提供者である.
- 高い死亡率,予想の60倍まで,移住の急性段階で観察されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 避難した人々が直面する重大な公衆衛生上の課題を強調する.
- これらの集団における過剰死亡率の主な原因を特定する.
- 現在の国際的救援プログラムの欠陥を強調するためです.
主な方法:
- 移住した集団からの死亡率データの分析.
- 主要な死因と要因を特定する.
- 最近の救援活動における重要な公衆衛生プログラムの実施のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 過剰死亡率は,1歳から14歳の子どもで最も顕著です.
- 死亡の主な原因は,麻疹,下痢性疾患,呼吸器感染症,マラリアなどです.
- 栄養不良と微量栄養素欠乏は,疾患症例死亡率を悪化させる.
結論:
- 現在の救援プログラムでは,公衆衛生上の重要な介入を迅速に実施することができないことが多い.
- 国際機関による援助の実施と調整において,構造的変化が緊急に必要である.
- 改善された食料,水,衛生,免疫,疾病管理は生存に不可欠である.
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