イラクとアフガニスタンに配備された英国軍人による暴力的犯罪:データリンクコホート研究
Deirdre Macmanus1, Kimberlie Dean, Margaret Jones
1King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK. deirdre.macmanus@kcl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|March 19, 2013
まとめ
戦闘の役割を担うことやトラウマを経験することは,軍人における暴力的な犯罪のリスクを高めます. 派遣後のアルコールの乱用,攻撃的行動,トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) は重大な危険因子です. PTSDにおける過興奮症状は,特に暴力に関連しています.
科学分野:
- 軍人の健康管理は,軍人の健康管理です.
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
- 心理トラウマトロジー
背景:
- イラクとアフガニスタンの紛争の退役軍人の暴力的な犯罪に関する公衆の懸念は存在しています.
- 紛争の心理的影響は文書化されていますが,暴力的な犯罪との関連については,さらなる調査が必要です.
- この研究では,軍人における暴力的犯罪の予測要因として,配備,戦闘への曝露,および精神衛生上の問題を検討しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 軍事配備,戦闘役割,配備後の精神健康問題と暴力犯罪との関連性を調査する.
- イギリスの軍人における暴力犯罪の既にある危険因子を特定する.
- サービスメンバーと退役軍人の間で暴力を減らすための証拠に基づいた介入を伝える.
主な方法:
- ランダムに選択された13,856人のイギリス軍兵士のデータを,国内犯罪記録とリンクしたコホート研究.
- 暴力犯罪の危険因子を評価するために,生涯犯罪者のデータを分析する.
- 配備状況,戦闘役割,トラウマへの曝露,アルコールの乱用,トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) の症状,攻撃的行動などの変数を含みます.
主要な成果:
- 戦闘の役割は,暴力的な犯罪のリスクを大幅に増加させました (調整された危険比率は1.53).
- 派遣中のトラウマ的な出来事への曝露の増加は,暴力的な犯罪のより高い割合と関連していました.
- 派遣後のアルコールの乱用 (OR 2.16),PTSD (OR 2.20),および攻撃的行動 (OR 2.47) は,暴力的な犯罪と強く関連していました.
- PTSD症状の超興奮クラスタは,暴力的な犯罪と最も強い関連性を示しました (OR 2.01).
結論:
- アルコール乱用と攻撃的な行動は,軍人の間での介入の重要なターゲットです.
- トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD),特に過剰興奮症状は,暴力の重要なリスク因子であり,適切な治療とモニタリングを必要とします.
- 調査結果は,精神衛生上の課題に対処し,軍人集団における暴力犯罪を減らすために,証拠に基づいた戦略の必要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Observational Studies
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Pharmacovigilance
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...

