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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
Published on: August 13, 2016
CLASP媒介の皮質マイクロチューブル組織は,PINの極化軸を導く
Klementina Kakar1, Hongtao Zhang, Ben Scheres
1Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nature
|March 22, 2013
まとめ
植物微小管の調節体であるCLASPとMAP65は,プラズマ膜におけるPINOIDキナーゼレベルを制御する. このメカニズムは,マイクロチューブル組織をオキシントランスポーターPINタンパク質の極性と結びつける.
科学分野:
- 植物細胞生物学 植物細胞生物学
- 細胞骨格のダイナミクス
- 分子植物科学は,分子植物科学である.
背景:
- 皮質マイクロチューブルの方向性は,植物細胞の極性貨物の位置と相関しています.
- この相関を支える分子メカニズムについては,ほとんど未知のままである.
- この関連性を理解することは,植物細胞の極性形成を解読する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- マイクロチューブル組織と極地貨物の位置づけを結びつける分子機構を解明する.
- 細胞骨格組織と極性との関連付けに関与するレギュレータを特定する.
- 方向的な微小管の組織がオキシントランスポーターの分布にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- CLASPとMAP65がPINOIDキナーゼの豊富性を調節する役割を研究した.
- これらのレギュレータがクラトリン依存性エンドサイトーシスに与える影響を調査した.
- アラビドプシス・タリアナのオキシントランスポーターPINタンパク質の局所化ダイナミクスを分析した.
主要な成果:
- CLASPとMAP65は,プラズマ膜におけるPINOIDキナーゼの豊富性を制御することが示されました.
- PINOIDキナーゼの活性が,マイクロチューブルに富んだ領域における局所的なクラトリン依存性エンドサイトーシスと関連していた.
- このプロセスは,特定の膜領域からPINタンパク質の除去を加速させ,極性を確立します.
結論:
- 微小管の組織をPINタンパク質の極化と結びつける新しいメカニズムが特定されました.
- CLASP,MAP65,PINOIDキナーゼは,オクシントランスポーターの局所化を調節する分子機構を形成する.
- この研究は,微小管の組織が,植物における細胞の極性および荷物の分布をどのように支配するかを明らかにしています.
関連する概念動画
Anaphase A and B
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Spindle Assembly
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
The Mitotic Spindle
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The Mitotic Spindle
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

