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関連する概念動画

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:28

Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores
11:38

Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores

Published on: April 5, 2022

カチオンは水溶液中のアミドに弱い結合しかなさない.

Halil I Okur1, Jaibir Kherb, Paul S Cremer

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

金属カチオンは,アミド群と弱く相互作用し,タンパク質の骨幹相互作用を模倣する. カチオン結合強度はホフマイスター数列に従っており,Ca ((2+) が最も強い相互作用を示しているが,依然として弱い結合定数を示している.

科学分野:

  • 生物物理化学 生物物理化学
  • スペクトル顕微鏡検査です.
  • 化学物理 化学物理

背景:

  • cation-protein backboneの相互作用を理解することは,生物学的プロセスにとって極めて重要です.
  • ブチラミドは,水溶液中のこれらの相互作用を研究するためのモデル化合物として機能します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 塩とブチラミドの相互作用を,タンパク質の背骨とのカチオン相互作用の模倣として調査する.
  • アミド基を持つ金属カチオンの結合強度と配列を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 減弱総反射フーリエ変換赤外線 (ATR-FTIR) スペクトロスコピーは,大量溶液中のアミドI帯のシフトを監視します.
  • 振動総周波数スペクトロスコーピー (VSFS) は,空気/水界面におけるカチオン-アミド相互作用を研究する.

主要な成果:

  • よく水分化された金属カチオン (Ca(2+),Mg(2+),Li(+)) は,アミドI帯のシフトを誘導し,カチオン-アミド結合を示しています.
  • カチオン結合により,接点の隣接する水層が順番に並びました.
  • 観察されたカチオン順序は,ホフマイスター数列に従った:Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) > Li(+) > Na(+) ≈ K(+).
  • 明らかな均衡解離定数は弱いもので,Ca2+が最も強い結合 (~8.5M) を示した.

さらに関連する動画

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
14:44

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

Published on: December 16, 2013

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores
11:38

Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores

Published on: April 5, 2022

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
14:44

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

Published on: December 16, 2013

結論:

  • アミドとのカチオン相互作用は,水素が弱いアニオンとの相互作用よりも著しく弱い.
  • この研究は,カチオン-アミドの相互作用におけるカチオンホフマイスター系列の直接的な証拠を提供します.