岩床川の切り口の気候制御
Ken L Ferrier1, Kimberly L Huppert, J Taylor Perron
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ferrier@fas.harvard.edu
Nature
|April 13, 2013
まとめ
ベッドロック川の切断は,地球の地形を形成する重要なプロセスであり,降雨率に直接影響されています. この研究は,より高い降雨量と,より高い河川切断効率を結びつけ,地形と気候に影響を与える経験的証拠を提供します.
科学分野:
- ジオモルフォロジー地形学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 地球の表面のプロセス 地球の表面のプロセス
背景:
- ベッドロック川の切断は,地球の地形,山帯の進化,そして居住可能性にとって根本的なものです.
- 河川の切断率に対する降雨の影響を定量化することは,測定の難しさと混同要因のために困難です.
- 川の切断が降水量に強く依存していることは,長い間仮定されてきたが,実証的に確立することは困難である.
研究 の 目的:
- 長期の岩床川の切断率に対する降雨率の影響を実証的に定量化するために.
- 降雨の傾斜と河川峡谷の発展の関係について調査する.
- 川の切断効率が気候と結びついているという仮説を検証するために.
主な方法:
- 河川の切断率の測定は,ハワイのカウアイの急な降雨グラデーションで行われました.
- 長期の切断率は,川の峡谷の深さと火山の岩盤の年齢から推測されました.
- 岩床川の切断の経験法則が適用され,一時的な切断の数値モデル化も行われました.
主要な成果:
- 上流の平均年間降水率と長期の岩床川の切断効率の間の正の相関が確認されました.
- カウアイ全域の切断率は,年間0.5メートルから9.5メートルまでの降雨量への明確な依存を示した.
- 測定結果は,川の切断率と流れの電力との間の線形関係に一致しています.
結論:
- 降水率は,長期の岩床川の切断率を著しく影響し,気候と地形の結合に経験的支持を提供します.
- この発見は,河川の切断を流れの力や気候の要因と結びつける理論的モデルを裏付けている.
- この研究は,地形,気候,構造学との間のフィードバックの重要な証拠を提供します.
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