核アキュンベンスと聴覚皮質の相互作用は,音楽の報酬価値を予測する
Valorie N Salimpoor1, Iris van den Bosch, Natasa Kovacevic
1Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. vsalimpoor@research.baycrest.org
まとめ
脳は,脳である.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 音楽 認知能力 音楽 認知能力
背景:
- 音楽が主観的な価値をどのように獲得するかを理解することは,美学的な経験を説明するために不可欠です.
- 以前の研究で,音楽の好みに報酬回路が関係していることが示されましたが,新しい音楽の価値獲得のニューラル基盤は不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- ミュージックが最初に聴いた時に報酬の価値を得る仕組みの基礎にある神経機構を調査する.
- 新しい音楽に与えられた主観的な価値を予測する脳の領域と機能的な接続パターンを特定する.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,脳の活動と機能的接続性を測定するために使用されました.
- 参加者は新しい音楽を聴いている間にfMRIを受け,その後オークションのパラダイムで支払い意欲を評価しました.
主要な成果:
- メソリンビック・ストライタル領域の活動,特にヌクレウス・アクンベンスは,新しい音楽に支払う意欲を予測した.
- 聴覚皮質,桃体,腹中前頭前皮質は,評価中に活動が増加したことを示したが,核アキュンベンスとの機能的接続性は,報酬価値の主要な予測要因であった.
結論:
- 音楽からの美学的な報酬は,脳の報酬回路と知覚と評価に関与する皮質ネットワークの相互作用から生まれます.
- ニュークレウス・アクンベンスは,新しい聴覚体験に価値を与える上で中心的な役割を果たし,感覚と評価の脳の領域との接続によって調節されます.
関連する概念動画
Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Association Areas of the Cortex
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...


