肺炎と下痢による予防可能な死亡の終結:達成可能な目標
Mickey Chopra1, Elizabeth Mason, John Borrazzo
1UNICEF, New York, NY 10017, USA. mchopra@unicef.org
Lancet (London, England)
|April 16, 2013
まとめ
肺炎や下痢による子供の死亡率を減らすことは極めて重要です. 介入を拡大し,高い予防接種率を達成することで,2025年までに死亡率を大幅に低下させることができます.
科学分野:
- 子どもの世界保健 子どもの世界保健
- 予防可能な病気の疫学
- 公共衛生の介入 公共衛生の介入
背景:
- 全世界の5歳未満の死亡率は減少しているが,2015年の目標には達していない.
- 肺炎と下痢は,年間約200万人の子供の死亡の原因となっています.
- 子どもの生存率の目標を達成するために,加速的な削減が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 肺炎と下痢に対するスケーリング介入の影響を評価する.
- 2025年までに子供の死亡率の潜在的減少をモデル化する.
- 予防可能な子供の死亡を終わらせるための優先措置を特定する.
主な方法:
- 介入スケーリングに基づいた死亡率の減少を予測するためにモデルを活用した.
- 介入を80%に,予防接種を90%に拡大するとの推定コスト.
- 達成可能な減少率を特定するために,国レベルのパフォーマンスを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 介入を80%に拡大し,予防接種を90%に拡大することで,肺炎と下痢による死亡の3分の2以上を排除することができる.
- 2025年までにこれらの目標を達成するための推定コストは6715億米ドルです.
- 2025年までに,肺炎では<1000分の3と,下痢では<1000分の1の特定死率を達成することが可能である.
結論:
- 肺炎や下痢による予防可能な死亡を2025年までに終わらせることは達成可能である.
- 重要な行動には,意識の向上,リーダーシップとコラボレーションの強化,介入の組み合わせの最適化などが含まれる.
- 幼児死亡率を大幅に減らすために,費用対効果の高い戦略が利用できます.
関連する概念動画
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...