幼児における知覚意識の神経マーカー
Sid Kouider1, Carsten Stahlhut, Sofie V Gelskov
1Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, EHESS/CNRS/ENS-DEC, 75005 Paris, France. sid.kouider@ens.fr
まとめ
幼児の意識的知覚は,大人に似た電気生理学的なサインを示しています. 意識のためのこの脳メカニズムは,幼児期にゆっくりと発達し,幼い赤ちゃんでは後で弱くなって現れる.
科学分野:
- 発達神経科学とは
- 認知神経科学とは
- 幼児の知覚 幼児の知覚
背景:
- 幼児は,意識を示唆する複雑な行動を示すが,主観的な体験を報告できないため,直接的な実証は困難である.
- 大人は,意識の電気生理学的なサインとして,視覚刺激に対する特定の遅い非線形皮質応答 (~300ms) を示します.
- 幼児におけるこのシグネチャーの調査は,意識的な知覚の初期の発達に関する洞察を提供することができる.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人の電気生理学的な意識のサインが乳児に存在するかどうかを判断する.
- 幼児期における意識的知覚の値の基礎となる脳メカニズムの発達軌道を調査する.
主な方法:
- 記録されたイベント関連ポテンシャル (ERP) は,5歳,12歳,15ヶ月の80人の乳児で記録された.
- 赤ちゃんの顔が短く紹介され,マスク付きの顔が様々な可視性レベルで見られました.
- 意識的知覚のサインを特定するために,遅期の非線形皮質反応を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 非線形的なプロファイルを持つ遅い遅い波は,知覚の値ですべての幼児の年齢グループで観察されました.
- このコンポーネントは5ヶ月の赤ちゃんでは弱く,遅延 (~900ミリ秒) でした.
- 反応はより速く (~750ms) になり,12ヶ月と15ヶ月の子どもの方がより持続し,発達変化を示しています.
結論:
- 意識的知覚の値のための神経機構は,幼児期に存在します.
- これらのメカニズムは,5ヶ月から15ヶ月までの段階的な発達加速を経験します.
- この研究は,幼児の脳における意識処理の早期の出現と発達に関する電気生理学的証拠を提供します.
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