怪我後のSVZニッチからの保護性アストロゲネシスは,ノッチモジュレーターThbs4によって制御されます
Eric J Benner1, Dominic Luciano, Rebecca Jo
1George and Jean Brumley Neonatal-Perinatal Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Nature
|April 26, 2013
まとめ
神経幹細胞 (NSC) は脳内の神経幹細胞である.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学
- グリアル生物学 グリアル生物学
背景:
- 産後/成人の神経幹細胞 (NSC) は,下室領域 (SVZ) で,嗅覚球のニューロブラストを生成します.
- SVZ NSCはまた,アストロサイトに微分化することができるが,ニューロゲネシスよりもアストロゲネシスを好む条件は不明である.
- 他の脳アストロサイトと比較してSVZ由来アストロサイトの性質は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- SVZのニッチで神経生成よりもアストロゲネシスを好む条件を調査する.
- SVZ由来アストロサイトと,脳損傷におけるその役割を特徴づける.
- 怪我後のSVZアストロゲネシスを調節する分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- タモキシフェン誘導性ネスティン・クレアER(tm) 4の系統追跡を用いたマウスを使用した.
- SVZ由来アストロサイトにおけるトランボスポンディン4 (Thbs4) 発現を調査した.
- 光血栓性/缺血性皮質損傷後のSVZアストロゲネシスにおけるThbs4とNotchシグナル伝達の役割を調べました.
- 分析されたThbs4ホモジゴスノックアウト (Thbs4(KO/KO)) マウスは,傷害後の細胞および機能的欠乏症を検出した.
主要な成果:
- SVZで生成されたアストロサイトは,皮質アストロサイトとは異なり,高レベルの血栓ホルモン4 (Thbs4) を発現します.
- 皮質損傷は,SVZのニッチからThbs4 (hi) アストロサイトの生産を著しく増加させる.
- ニューロブラストではなく,SVZ由来Thbs4(hi) アストロサイトは,損傷した皮質に移動し,Thbs4.4によって調節されるNotch活性化が必要です.
- Thbs4ノックアウトマウスは,SVZアストロゲネシスの障害,損傷部位へのニューロブラストの移動の増加,異常な膠質の傷痕,およびマイクロ血管出血を示す.
結論:
- トロンボスポンディン4 (Thbs4) は,SVZ神経幹細胞 (NSC) を皮質損傷後,アストロゲネシスへと誘導する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- Thbs4媒介のNotchの活性化は,傷害後のアストロゲン反応と適切な膠質の傷痕形成に不可欠です.
- Thbs4の調節不良はNSCの運命を左右し,異常な細胞反応と脳損傷の増加を引き起こし,治療戦略に影響を及ぼします.
関連する概念動画
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The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
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