甲状腺に由来する調節性T細胞は,共生微生物群に対する耐性を高めます

Anna Cebula¹, Michal Seweryn, Grzegorz A Rempala

¹Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Gerogia 30912, USA.

Nature

|April 30, 2013

まとめ

誘発性Treg細胞ではなく,チムス由来の調節性T (Treg) 細胞は,腸内耐性を維持するための鍵です. これらのTreg細胞は,腸内微生物の影響を受け,共生細菌に対する免疫反応を防ぐ.

科学分野:

免疫学免疫学とは
マイクロバイオームの研究
T細胞生物学について

背景:

自己および共生抗原に対する周辺の耐性は,調節性T (Treg) 細胞に依存する.
Treg細胞は,胸腺に由来するか,外側で誘発される可能性があります.
腸内ホメオスタシスにおけるチミク系細胞と誘発性Treg細胞の役割ははっきりしていない.

研究の目的:

腸内Treg細胞の起源と抗原特異性を決定する.
腸内における免疫耐性に対する異なるTreg細胞サブセットの寄与を調査する.
コメンサル抗原に対する腸内ホメオスタシスを維持するメカニズムを明らかにする.

主な方法:

CD4 ((+)) Foxp3 ((+)) とCD4 ((+)) Foxp3 ((-) T細胞の単細胞および高通量T細胞受容体シーケンス.
特定の共生種に対するT細胞の反応性の分析.
リンパ性および腸内臓のTreg細胞レパートリーの比較分析.

主要な成果:

甲状腺に由来するTreg細胞は,結腸を含むすべてのリンパ性臓器と腸内臓器のTreg細胞集団の主流である.
腸内Tレグ細胞のT細胞受容体レパートリーは,腸内微生物群の構成によって大きく形作られています.
誘発されたTreg細胞は,腸内共生生物に対する耐性を媒介する上で,小さな役割を果たします.

結論:

甲状腺に由来するTreg細胞は,腸内共生抗原に対する耐性の主要な媒介者である.
腸内微生物群の構成は,腸内ホメオスタシスを維持するTreg細胞のレパートリーに影響します.
この発見は,腸内耐性における誘発性Treg細胞の支配的な役割に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱えている.

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