聴覚皮質の皮質前皮質の神経細胞は,聴覚的差別の際に意思決定を促す
Petr Znamenskiy1, Anthony M Zador
1Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
Nature
|May 3, 2013
まとめ
研究者は,ネズミの意思決定タスクを使用して,脳が音の情報を行動に変換する方法を調査しました. コルチコストリアタルニューロンを操作することで,聴覚の選択に影響を与え,感覚運動変換におけるその役割を明らかにした.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 聴覚知覚とは,聴覚の知覚である.
- 意思決定 意思決定をする
背景:
- 聴覚情報を皮質に伝達する神経経路が理解されています.
- 聴覚表現を運動コマンドに変換するメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 聴覚情報の運動指令への変換を調査する.
- 聴覚的意思決定における皮質三角体投影ニューロンの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 聴覚周波数差別を含むラットにおける知覚的意思決定のタスクを利用した.
- チャネルロドプシン-2 (ChR2) を媒介する刺激と,アーカイロドプシン-3 (Arch) を媒介する,皮質三角神経細胞の不活性化を用いる.
主要な成果:
- コルチコストリアタルニューロンの刺激は,その周波数調節に応じて意思決定をバイアスさせる.
- これらのニューロンの不活性化は,反対の意思決定バイアスを引き起こしました.
- 皮質前皮質の活動と聴覚の選択の間の因果関係を示した.
結論:
- 側頭前皮質のプロジェクションニューロンは,聴覚的意思決定において重要な役割を果たします.
- これらのニューロンは,感覚情報を運動指令に変換することを媒介する.
- 広範囲に広がるストライタルプロジェクションは,運動決定の感覚皮質の制御のための一般的なメカニズムを示唆しています.
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関連する概念動画
01:15Auditory Pathway
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
01:13The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:22Hair Cells
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
01:31Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
01:23Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...