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関連する概念動画

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 11, 2026

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization (DGMP): A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
12:54

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization (DGMP): A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Published on: February 12, 2013

ポリエレクトロライトの多層の非対称な成長.

Ramy A Ghostine1, Marie Z Markarian, Joseph B Schlenoff

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 16, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,ポリエレクトロライトの多層構造における過度の電荷補償の一般的なモデルが誤っていることを発見した. この研究では,ポリエステル硫酸塩 (PDADMAC) とポリエステル硫酸塩 (PSS) のフィルムにおける非対称的な成長と複合体の形成が明らかになりました.

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization (DGMP): A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
12:54

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization (DGMP): A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Published on: February 12, 2013

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films
10:08

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Published on: June 3, 2015

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

科学分野:

  • ポリマーサイエンスの科学
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 表面化学について

背景:

  • ポリエレクトロライト多層 (PEM) は,様々な用途で広く使用されています.
  • PEMの組み立ては,しばしば負荷過剰補償のモデルによって記述されます.
  • 研究された特定のシステムは,ポリアルデメチルアモニウム塩化物 (PDADMAC) とポリシュチレン硫酸塩 (PSS) を含む.

研究 の 目的:

  • PDADMAC/PSSのポリエレクトロライトの多層構造における電荷分布と集積メカニズムを調査する.
  • PEM形成における課金過剰補償の従来のモデルに異議を唱える.
  • PEMの観察された成長と構造を説明する新しいモデルを開発する.

主な方法:

  • 陽性対陰性ポリマー単位の比率を定量化するために放射性カウンターリオンを使用した.
  • ポリエレクトロライトの多層の電荷分布を分析した.
  • 観察された非対称的な成長を記述するために反応拡散モデルを開発した.

主要な成果:

  • 各層の負荷過剰補償の受け入れられたモデルは誤っていることが判明しました.
  • 過剰補償は,ポリカチオン (PDADMAC) を加えるとのみ発生し,ポリアニオン (PSS) は単に補償するだけです.
  • 非対称な成長が観察され,多重な正電荷が数層の積み重ね後に蓄積され,ガラスとゴムのような複雑な領域が顕著に示されました.

結論:

  • PDADMAC/PSS PEMの組み立ては,単純な充電過剰補償モデルから逸脱して,非対称的な成長と複雑な形成を示しています.
  • 新しい反応拡散モデルは,異なるステキオメトリックと充電豊富な層の形成を正確に記述しています.
  • この非対称的な成長を理解することは,PEMの性質を予測し制御するために不可欠です.