長期的温暖化により北極のツンドラが再構成されても,土壌の炭素貯蔵量は変わりません
Seeta A Sistla1, John C Moore, Rodney T Simpson
1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93108, USA. sistla@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Nature
|May 17, 2013
まとめ
北極のツンドラの温暖化は,植物の成長と深い土壌の分解を加速し,炭素貯蔵を増やす. この研究から明らかになったのは,
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 土壌科学は,土壌科学である.
- 気候変動研究 気候変動研究
背景:
- 高緯度の土壌は,地球規模の大量の炭素を貯蔵する.
- 低温は北極の土壌生物の活動,分解,栄養素の放出を制限する.
- 温度の上昇は,北極の陸上の炭素バランスを変化させると予想されています.
研究 の 目的:
- アラスカのツンドラ生態系における実験的な温暖化の長期的な影響を調査する.
- 温暖化下で土壌の炭素動態に影響を与える結合されたアビオティック-バイオティックフィードバックループを理解するために.
主な方法:
- 20年にわたる夏の温暖化実験は,アラスカのツンドラで実施されました.
- 測定には,植物バイオマス,土壌温度,微生物の活動,土壌の炭素/窒素貯蔵量などが含まれていた.
主要な成果:
- 温暖化により植物バイオマスが増加し,樹木植物の優位性が高まった.
- 冬の土壌温度は,表面の変化により間接的に上昇した.
- 表面土壌分解剤の活性が抑制されたが,深い鉱物地平線分解剤の活性と炭素貯蔵量が増加した ("生物の覚醒").
- 土壌における炭素と窒素の総貯蔵量は変わらず,生態系における炭素の貯蔵量が増加した.
結論:
- 北極のツンドラの温暖化は,生態系の炭素貯蔵量の増加につながる可能性があります.
- 温暖化による土壌生物の活動の変化は,特に地平線の深さにおいて,炭素バランスにとって極めて重要です.
- 観測された反応は,気候変動の下で北極の陸上生態系に重大な変化が起こる可能性を示唆しています.
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