入手可能な健康研究開発データのマッピング:何が有るのか,何が欠けているのか,そしてグローバルな観測所にはどのような役割があるのか?
John-Arne Røttingen1, Sadie Regmi, Mari Eide
1Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway. jrotting@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|May 24, 2013
まとめ
世界的な健康研究開発 (R&D) 投資は,低所得国や中所得国において蔓延する病気をターゲットとする資源があまりにも少ないため,大きなギャップを示している. よりよいデータとモニタリングは,公平なR&Dリソースの割り当てに不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 健康に関する研究開発 (R&D)
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- 保健R&D投資を世界の公衆衛生の要求と一致させることは,重要な課題です.
- 既存の保健R&Dの景観は,特に低所得国や中所得国に影響を及ぼす重大な格差を明らかにしています.
- 総合的なモニタリングメカニズムの欠如は,世界的な保健R&Dにおける効果的な優先順位設定とリソースの割り当てを妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- グローバルヘルス研究開発のモニタリングのための利用可能なデータソースを記述する.
- 健康研究開発の投資,プロセス,成果を評価するための指標を提案する.
- 医療R&Dの世界情勢を分析し,投資と研究のギャップを特定します.
主な方法:
- 国際データベースを利用して,医療R&D投資,臨床試験,出版物に関するデータを収集しました.
- 研究インプット (投資),プロセス (臨床試験),アウトプット (出版物) を監視するための一連の指標を開発しました.
- 世界保健R&Dの状況を示すために,国レベルのデータをサンプルにしました.
主要な成果:
- 全世界の保健R&D投資総額は2009年に240億米ドルに達した.
- 高所得国は,投資の圧倒的多数を受け,2010年に無視された病気に割り当てられたのはわずか1%であった.
- 高所得国に影響を与える疾患は,主に低所得国や中所得国に影響を与える疾患よりも,臨床試験で優先されました.
結論:
- 世界保健のR&Dには依然として大きなギャップがあり,最も必要な病気や地域への投資が不足しています.
- 改善されたデータとモニタリングは,医療R&Dの公平な優先順位設定と調整に不可欠です.
- 保健R&Dに関する世界的な観測所の設立は,これらの格差をモニタリングし,対処するための持続可能なメカニズムを提供することができます.
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