生まれながらのリンパ性細胞は,腸内共生細菌に対するCD4+T細胞の反応を調節する
Matthew R Hepworth1, Laurel A Monticelli, Thomas C Fung
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nature
|May 24, 2013
まとめ
生まれながらのリンパ性細胞 (ILC) は,T細胞と相互作用することで,腸内免疫を調節する. これらのILCは,腸内細菌に対する有害な反応を制限し,腸内ホメオスタシスを維持し,炎症を予防します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
背景:
- 生まれながらのリンパ性細胞 (ILC) は,腸壁の整合性にとって極めて重要です.
- 調節不良のILCは,炎症性腸疾患と関連しています.
- ILCに関する以前の研究は,しばしば適応免疫が欠け,複雑な免疫環境におけるその役割の理解を制限していた.
研究 の 目的:
- 完全な適応性免疫システム内のILCの機能を調査する.
- ILCsが適応性免疫細胞の反応,特に共生細菌に対する反応にどのように影響するか判断する.
主な方法:
- ネズミのレチノ酸受容体関連孤児受容体-γt陽性 (RORγt(+)) ILCを標的にするために,遺伝的および抗体媒介の枯渇を利用した.
- ゲノム全体の転写プロファイリングと機能分析を実施しました.
- ILCsにおけるメジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックスクラスII (MHCII) の役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- RORγt (((+) ILCの喪失は,共生細菌と全身性炎症に対する適応免疫の調節不全につながった.
- RORγt (((+) ILCはMHCIIを発現し,抗原を提示するが,CD4 (((+) T細胞の反応を促進するのではなく制限する.
- MHCII欠乏のILCは,制御不能のT細胞反応と自発的な腸炎を引き起こした.
結論:
- RORγt ((+) ILCsは,MHCII依存の相互作用を通じて,共生細菌に対する病理的適応免疫反応を制限することによって,腸内ホメオスタシスを維持する.
- ILCsは,IL-17A,IL-22またはIL-23から独立して,腸内の免疫調節に重要な役割を果たします.
- この研究は,適応免疫の文脈で,ILCによる免疫調節の新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
関連する概念動画
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
64.7K
Overview
64.7K
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.7K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.7K
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
3.4K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
3.4K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.0K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.0K


