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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis
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組織形態変異とパターン形成における力

Carl-Philipp Heisenberg1, Yohanns Bellaïche

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. heisenberg@ist.ac.at

Cell
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

機械的な力は,細胞の変化と組織の形成を促し,発達に不可欠です. 細胞力の相互作用と機械感知が組織形態変異とパターン形成を指揮する.

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学 発達生物学について
  • 細胞力学 細胞力学
  • 組織工学は,組織工学である.

背景:

  • 機械的な力は,発達中のサイズ,形状,遺伝子発現などの細胞プロセスに大きく影響します.
  • アクチン-ミオシンネットワークと細胞結合複合体は,組織内で力を生成し,伝達する自己組織化システムの鍵となるものです.
  • これらの力を理解することは,組織がどのように発達し,どのようにパターンが形成されるかを理解するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 発達中の組織形態変異とパターン形成のオーケストラ化における機械力の不可欠な役割を明らかにする.
  • 組織の形状の変化を推進する力発生と伝達の自己組織化現象を強調する.
  • 外的な力や細胞のメカニカセンシングが発達プロセスにどのように貢献するかを探求する.

主な方法:

  • 細胞アクチン・ミオシンネットワークによる力発生の分析.
  • 細胞-細胞および細胞-細胞外マトリックス粘着複合体による力伝達の調査.
  • 発達中の組織内の長距離力伝達と細胞メカニカセンシングの検討.
  • 細胞命運の仕様と分化に及ぼす外的な力による評価.

主要な成果:

  • 機械的な力は,細胞のサイズ,形,数,位置,遺伝子発現を直接変化させます.
  • 自己組織化されたアクチン・ミオシンネットワークと粘着性複合体は,組織形態変異を駆動する.
  • 協調された力伝達と機械感知は,大規模に組織の形状の変化をもたらします.
  • 外部的な力によって細胞の運命と分化が調節され,組織のパターン化に影響されます.

結論:

  • 機械的力は,発達過程の基本的調節者であり,細胞の行動と組織構造に影響を与えます.
  • 生化学的信号伝達と並行して,内在の細胞力と外在の機械的なシグナルを統合することは,適切な組織形態変異とパターニングに不可欠です.
  • 機械生物学に関するさらなる研究は,発達障害を理解し,再生医療の進歩に寄与すると有望である.