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関連する概念動画

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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超飽和に依存する表面構造の進化:イオン,分子から金属のマイクロ/ナノ結晶へ

Hai-xin Lin1, Zhi-chao Lei, Zhi-yuan Jiang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

結晶の成長中の過飽和を制御する,露出する結晶面を調節する. 超飽和度が高くなると,表面エネルギー面がより高い結晶体が生み出され,特別の材料合成が可能になる.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • クリスタルグラフィーです.
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景:

  • 水晶面のエネルギーは,材料の特性や用途にとって極めて重要です.
  • 水晶の形状を制御することは,材料合成における重要な課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 超飽和を制御することによって露出した結晶面をチューニングするための戦略を提案し,検証する.
  • 特定の高表面エネルギー面を持つマイクロ/ナノ結晶の合成を実証する.

主な方法:

  • 熱力学分析とトンソン・ギブス方程式を用いて,表面エネルギーと超飽和度の関係を確立した.
  • 異なった超飽和条件下でのイオン,分子,金属マイクロ/ナノ結晶の実験合成.

主要な成果:

  • 結晶面の表面エネルギーは,超飽和度と正比である.
  • 超飽和度が高いレベルは,より高い表面エネルギー面を暴露する結晶体の形成につながった.
  • 望ましい面を持つイオン (NaCl),分子 (TBPe),金属 (Au, Pd) のマイクロ/ナノ結晶の合成に成功しました.

結論:

  • 超飽和は,露出した結晶面を制御するためのシンプルで効果的なパラメータです.
  • この戦略は,特定の面と機能を持つマイクロ/ナノ結晶の合理的な設計を可能にします.
  • この方法は,イオン系,分子系,金属系を含む様々な種類の材料に適用できます.