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関連する概念動画

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 10, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Rif1とRif2は,多価Rap1相互作用を通じてテロメアの機能とアーキテクチャを形作る.

Tianlai Shi1, Richard D Bunker, Stefano Mattarocci

  • 1Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Cell
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

イーストのテロメアは,Rap1,Rif1,Rif2タンパク質の複合体であるテロソームによって保護されています. この研究では,Rif1とRif2がRap1を安定させ,テロメアの長さの安定性を確保するより高い階層の構造を作り出すことを明らかにしました.

さらに関連する動画

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • イーストのテロメアはTG1−3の繰り返しで構成され,転写因子Rap1.1によって結合されます.
  • テロソームは,Rap1,Rif1,Rif2で構成され,テロメアの保護キャップを形成し,テロメラーゼを調節し,静止し,DNA破裂反応を制御します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 酵母テロソームの分子構造を解明するために.
  • Rif1とRif2によるRap1の採用と安定化の構造的基礎を理解する.

主な方法:

  • X線結晶学で,Rif1とRif2がRap1に結合する構造を決定する.
  • タンパク質の相互作用とテロメアホメオスタシスを解剖するための生化学および機能分析.

主要な成果:

  • 結晶構造は,Rif1とRif2の独立したRap1結合部位を明らかにし,長距離の相互作用を可能にします.
  • Rif1テトラメリゼーションおよびRif2ポリメリゼーションモジュールは,Rap1ユニットを相互接続する高階アーキテクチャに貢献します.
  • この"分子ベルコロ"メカニズムは,テロメア上のRap1を勧誘し,安定させ,テロメアのホメオスタシスを維持するために不可欠です.

結論:

  • Rif1とRif2は,長距離相互作用を通じて,酵母テロメアでRap1を安定させる高次元の構造を形成する.
  • このメカニズムは,テロメアの長さとテロメアの整体ホメオスタシスをin vivoで維持するために不可欠です.