53BP1は,DNA損傷によって引き起こされたH2A Lys 15ユビキチンマークのリーダーです
Amélie Fradet-Turcotte1, Marella D Canny, Cristina Escribano-Díaz
1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
Nature
|June 14, 2013
まとめ
53BP1 (TP53BP1) タンパク質のDNA二重鎖断裂 (DSB) 部位への徴集が明確になりました. それは,DNA修復プロセスに不可欠な特定のヒストンマークの組み合わせを認識します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- DNA修復 DNA修復する
背景:
- 53BP1 (TP53BP1) は,DNA二重鎖断裂 (DSB) 修復と免疫グロブリンクラスの切り替えに不可欠です.
- 53BP1のDSB部位への局所化は,RNF168のユビキチンリガゼに依存しているが,ユビキチン募集のメカニズムは不明であった.
- 53BP1のTudorドメインはヒストンH4ライシン20 (H4K20) メチル化を認識しているが,断裂部位にどのように採用されるかは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 脊椎動物53BP1の染色体付近のDSB部位への徴募のメカニズムを解明する.
- 53BP1の局所化に関与する特定のヒストン変異とタンパク質ドメインを特定する.
主な方法:
- モノヌクレオソームへの53BP1結合の分析.
- 53BP1ドメインの特徴付け,Tudorドメインとユビキチネーション依存リクルートメント (UDR) モチーフを含む.
- 改変ヒストンH4K20me2およびH2AK15ub.との相互作用を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 53BP1は,二メチル化H4K20 (H4K20me2) を含む単核細胞体を認識する.
- 53BP1は,RNF168.8の産物であるライシン15 (H2AK15ub) にユビキチン化されているH2Aも認識しています.
- 53BP1は核細胞をダイマーとして結合し,H4K20me2のTudorドメインとH2AK15ubのUDRモチーフを利用する.
結論:
- 53BP1は,双価ヒストンの改変リーダとして機能します.
- それは,H4K20me2とH2AK15ubを含むDSBシグナル伝達によって生成された特定のヒストン"コード"を解読します.
- このメカニズムは, 53BP1 が効率的な DNA 修復のために DSB サイトに採用される方法を説明します.
関連する概念動画
Nucleotide Excision Repair
Overview
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Base Excision Repair
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
The first step of...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Nucleotide Excision Repair
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...


