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深い生物圏における遺伝子発現

William D Orsi1, Virginia P Edgcomb, Glenn D Christman

  • 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. william.orsi@gmail.com

Nature
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

深層の生物圏は,地球的な循環にとって極めて重要な微生物の棲み家です. この研究は,海底沈殿物の支配的な無酸素代謝過程と細胞分裂を明らかにし,この環境の全体的な見方を提供します.

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科学分野:

  • マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
  • 地質化学 地質化学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • 科学的な海洋掘削により,海底の沈殿物の中に広大な深層生物圏が発見された.
  • 海底の微生物の代謝は,地球規模の生地化学サイクルにおいて重要な役割を果たしています.
  • しかし,深層の生物圏内の特定の活動は,依然として十分に理解されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • アナーロビックペルー・マージン堆積物からの最初の海底メタトランスクリプトームを分析する.
  • 深層生物圏における微生物の代謝過程と活動に関する包括的な理解を得ること.

主な方法:

  • 堆積物サンプルから読み出された10億以上の補完的なDNA (cDNA) 配列の分析.
  • 海底から159メートルまでの微生物の遺伝子発現のメタトランスクリプトミック分析.

主要な成果:

  • 主要な無酸素代謝プロセスは,アミノ酸,炭水化物,脂質代謝を含む.
  • 分散硫酸塩還元酵素 (dsr) のトランスクリプトプロファイルは,孔水硫酸塩濃度と相関する.
  • 細胞分裂に関連するトランスクリプトは,生命の3つの領域全体で微生物の細胞濃度とともに増加します.

結論:

  • この発見は,生物圏の深層部での活動に関する最初の全体的なイメージを提供します.
  • データは,海底微生物の代謝に関する既存のモデルと計算を裏付けている.
  • 海底下部の微生物の豊富さは,細胞分裂によって引き起こされます.