関連する実験動画
Updated: May 10, 2026

14:11
Building Finite Element Models to Investigate Zebrafish Jaw Biomechanics
Published on: December 3, 2016
最も原始的なのある脊椎動物の化石筋肉
Kate Trinajstic1, Sophie Sanchez, Vincent Dupret
1Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
まとめ
最古ののある脊椎動物,プラコダームは,頭蓋骨と肩の関節に結びついた明確な首の筋肉を持っていたが,現代のサメとは異なる. これは,首の筋肉が柔軟な首ではなく,この関節とともに進化したことを示唆し,腹筋はグナトストームの革新である.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 脊椎動物の解剖学について
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- のある脊椎動物 (gnathostomes) の進化は,頭と首の解剖学に大きな変化をもたらしました.
- 初期のグナトストームの筋肉構造を理解することは,脊椎動物の進化史を再構築する鍵です.
- 最も基礎的なを持つ脊椎動物であるプラコドームは,これらの初期の移行に関する重要な洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 最も古くから知られているのある脊椎動物であるプラコダームの保存された筋肉を記述するために.
- 進化の経路を推論するために,現存する脊椎動物とプラコデルマの筋肉を比較する.
- 初期のグナトストームにおける首と腹筋の進化を調査する.
主な方法:
- 特別に保存されたプラコダーマ化石の分析.
- 化石化した筋肉の比較解剖学的研究.
- 脊椎動物の進化における発見を文脈化するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- プラコドームは,現存するサメとは異なる地域化された筋肉の解剖学を示しています.
- placodermsの首の筋肉は,頭蓋骨と肩のベルトの間の皮膚関節と関連しています.
- 横横の腹筋は,四足類ではなく,グナトストームの内での革新であるように思われる.
結論:
- プラコダームの筋肉は,グナトストームにとって原始的なサメの筋肉という見解に異議を唱える.
- 首の筋肉は,おそらく,頭蓋骨と肩の腰帯関節と連携して進化した.
- 横腹筋の起源は,以前考えられていたよりも,脊椎動物の進化の初期に位置しています.
関連する概念動画
The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...

