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癌における変異異異質性と,がんに関連した新しい遺伝子の探求
Michael S Lawrence1, Petar Stojanov1,2, Paz Polak1,3,4
1The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.
Nature
|June 18, 2013
まとめ
癌ゲノム研究は,誤った陽性結果につながる大きなサンプルサイズで課題に直面しています. 新しい方法であるMutSigCVは,癌を誘発する遺伝子を正確に識別するために,変異異異質性を扱っています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 癌生物学 癌生物学について
- バイオインフォマティックス
背景:
- 国際的なプロジェクトは,腫瘍正常サンプルシーケンシングと変異分析を通じて,がんに関連する遺伝子をカタログにすることを目指しています.
- 癌ゲノム研究における現在の分析方法は,サンプルサイズが増加するにつれて,真のドライバー変異を覆い隠す,広範な偽陽性結果を生み出します.
研究 の 目的:
- 癌ゲノム研究における変異異異質性によって引き起こされる偽陽性の根本的な問題に取り組む.
- 癌の駆動遺伝子のより正確な識別のために,新しい分析方法論,MutSigCVを導入し,検証する.
主な方法:
- 変異異異質性を考慮するために設計された新しい分析方法であるMutSigCVの開発.
- 3,083個の腫瘍と正常なペアのエクソーム配列にMutSigCVを適用する.
- 癌の種類内およびゲノム全体における突然変異の頻度およびスペクトラムの変動の分析.
主要な成果:
- MutSigCVは,大規模ながんゲノムデータセットにおける過剰な偽陽性遺伝子識別の問題を効果的に解決しています.
- 癌の種類内の突然変異の頻度とスペクトルの異常な変動が発見され,突然変異のプロセスと疾患の病因学に関する洞察を提供しました.
- ゲノム変異の頻度は,DNA複製のタイミングと転写活動と強く相関していることが判明しました.
結論:
- MutSigCVは,変異異異質性を組み込むことにより,がんの駆動遺伝子を特定する精度を大幅に改善します.
- 発見は,基礎となる生物学的プロセスと疾患の原因に関連している突然変異パターンの有意な変動を明らかにします.
- この方法論は,がんの発症と進行と本当に関連している遺伝子を特定する能力を高めます.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
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