都市におけるスケーリングの起源
1Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. bettencourt@santafe.edu
まとめ
都市は,シンプルでローカルな原則に基づいて進化し,都市システムの普遍的なスケーリング法則を明らかにします. このフレームワークは,都市規模に関係なく都市の効率を測定することによって,都市計画戦略を評価するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 都市学は都市研究である.
- 複雑なシステム科学 複雑なシステム科学
- 空間分析とは,空間分析のことです.
背景:
- 都市を科学的に理解し,それを実践的に管理することは,都市が持つ複雑で相互依存する社会,経済,インフラ,空間的な側面のために,依然として困難です.
- 都市は,さまざまなスケールで複雑なシステムとして存在し,似たような,しかし進化する形を現しています.
研究 の 目的:
- すべての都市は,少数の基本的,局所的に動作する原則に従って進化することを示すために.
- 平均的な都市物件を予測するための理論的枠組みを開発する.
- すべての都市システムに適用可能な普遍的なスケーリング関係を確立する.
主な方法:
- 普遍的なスケーリング関係に基づく理論的枠組みの開発.
- 世界各地の何千もの都市のデータを用いて実証検証.
- 社会経済的な成果とインフラコストのバランスとしての都市効率の分析.
主要な成果:
- 平均的な社会的,空間的,インフラストラクチャの都市特性を予測する普遍的な理論的枠組みが確立されました.
- 予測は,開発のさまざまな段階において,世界中の多様な都市システムで確認されました.
- 都市効率化対策は,都市の大きさとは無関係であることが判明しました.
結論:
- 都市は,その複雑さにもかかわらず,根本的な進化的原理に固執しています.
- 開発されたスケーリング関係は,都市システムの理解と比較のための科学的基盤を提供します.
- 都市効率の指標は,都市計画戦略の評価と指導に役立つ貴重なツールです.
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