XBP-1は,ストレス耐性および長寿の細胞非自律的調節体です
Rebecca C Taylor1, Andrew Dillin
1The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|June 25, 2013
まとめ
老化はプロテオスタシスを損なうが,ニューロン内のXBP-1sを活性化すると,それを回復させることができる. この神経系から派生する信号は,細胞非自律的なUPR (UPR) の活性化を通じて,C. elegansのストレス抵抗性と長寿を高めます.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 老化に関する研究
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- プロテオスタシス,つまりタンパク質のホメオスタシスの維持は,細胞の機能と生物の健康にとって極めて重要です.
- 老化はプロテオスタシスの低下につながり,老化に関連する疾患に寄与します.
- エンドプラズマ網膜の展開タンパク質応答 (UPR(ER)) は,プロテオスタシスを管理する重要な細胞経路です.
研究 の 目的:
- C. elegansの老化におけるUPR (ER) の役割を調査する.
- 年齢に起因するプロテオスタシスの減少が逆転できるかどうかを判断する.
- 老化における細胞非自律信号伝達のメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 老化しているC. elegans.におけるUPR (UPR) の分析.
- 神経細胞における構成的に活性XBP-1 (XBP-1s) の発現.
- ストレス耐性および長寿の評価.
- 細胞非自律的な信号伝達経路の調査.
- 小型透明膀 (SCV) の放出の評価.
主要な成果:
- C. elegansにおけるERプロテオスタシスの年齢による喪失は,ニューロンのXBP-1s発現によって逆転させることができる.
- 神経由来のXBP-1sは,ストレス抵抗性を回復させ,長寿を高めます.
- XBP-1sは,細胞非自律的なメカニズムを通じて,遠隔の非ニューロン細胞でUPR (UPR) を活性化します.
- 遠端のUPR (UPR) コンポーネントの喪失は長寿効果を阻害する.
- SCVの放出を阻害すると,XBP-1s媒介の非自律的なシグナル伝達が妨げられます.
結論:
- XBP-1sによるニューロンのUPR (ER) アクティベーションは,老化に関連したプロテオスタシス減少を逆転させることができます.
- 神経伝達物質を潜在的に含む細胞非自律的な信号伝達経路は,これらの長寿効果を媒介する.
- これらの発見は,ERのストレス抵抗性と長寿を高めるERストレス信号 (SERSS) を分泌することを示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
14.7K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
14.7K
Epigenetic Regulation
33.5K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.5K
pH Regulation in Cells
7.6K
pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
7.6K
Responses to Salt Stress
14.5K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
14.5K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
8.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.9K
Regulated Protein Degradation
8.8K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.8K


