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SIRT1は,老化とともに衰退するメカニズムによって,SCNにおける中央日経制御を媒介する
Hung-Chun Chang1, Leonard Guarente
1Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Cell
|June 25, 2013
まとめ
脳のSIRT1 (sirtuin 1) タンパク質は,重要な昼夜レギュレータであるBMAL1とCLOCKを活性化し,堅固な日常リズムを維持します. 年齢とともにSIRT1のレベルが低下すると,中央の昼夜制御が乱され,睡眠パターンや光の適応に影響されます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- クロノバイオロジーはクロノバイオロジーを用います.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) は,生理学的経路を調節するNAD (((+)) 依存型デセチラゼです.
- 昼夜リズム (circadian rhythms) は,日々の生理学的および行動的サイクルを統制し,生物の健康にとって極めて重要です.
- 周辺の昼間の時計はよく研究されているが,中央の制御メカニズムについては,さらなる解明が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 中枢昼夜リズム調節における脳SIRT1の役割を調査する.
- SIRT1が主要な日中時計遺伝子BMAL1とCLOCKの転写に影響を与えるかどうかを決定する.
- 脳のSIRT1レベルとそれに続く昼間の機能に対する老化の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 脳内のSIRT1発現が異なるマウスモデル (ノックアウト,過剰発現,ワイルドタイプ) を利用した.
- 上核 (SCN) のSIRT1,BMAL1,PER2レベルを測定した.
- サーカディアン周期の長さ,活動パターン,光の誘導反応を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 脳SIRT1はBMAL1とCLOCKの転写を活性化させ,PGC-1αとNampt.とのポジティブなフィードバックループを形成する.
- 高齢マウスは,SCNにおけるSIRT1,BMAL1,PER2の減少を示し,日経周期が長くなり,光への適応が低下した.
- SIRT1欠乏症の若いマウスは,年齢に似た昼間の乱れを示しますが,SIRT1過剰発現は老化効果から保護します.
結論:
- 脳内のSIRT1は,若い動物における堅固な中央循環器の制御を維持するために不可欠です.
- 脳のSIRT1活性低下は,年齢に関連した昼夜リズム低下に大きく寄与する.
- SIRT1をターゲットにすることで,年齢に関連した昼夜機能不全の治療戦略を提供することができる.
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