人間の腸内微生物群の長期的な安定性
Jeremiah J Faith1, Janaki L Guruge, Mark Charbonneau
1Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 6, 2013
まとめ
細菌の複雑なコミュニティであるヒトの腸内微生物群は,驚くべき長期的な安定性を発揮し,ほとんどの菌株は数十年間持続します. しかし,この安定性は,体重変動などの生理学的変化に反応し,診断および治療の可能性を強調します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は,人間の健康に重要な役割を果たしています.
- 腸内微生物群の長期的な動態と安定性を理解することは,診断と治療におけるその応用に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の糞便の微生物群の長期間における細菌株の構成と安定性を特徴付ける.
- 食事と生理学的変化を含む微生物群の組成に影響を与える要因を調査する.
- 腸内微生物群の診断および治療のターゲットとしての可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 低誤差の16SリボソームRNAアンプリコン配列決定法を使用した.
- 500以上の培養された細菌単離体で全ゲノム配列を解析した.
- 5年までの期間,米国の37人の成人の糞便の微生物群サンプルを収集しました.
- パワー・ロー関数を用いて微生物群の安定性を分析し,体重とサンプリングの間隔との相関変化を制御された食事に従っている個体で分析した.
主要な成果:
- 微生物群の安定性は,パワー・ローの機能に従っており,長期 (数十年) のストレスの持続性を示唆しています.
- 共同の細菌株は家族間で特定されたが,無縁の個人は特定されなかった.
- 微生物群の菌株組成の変化は,液体ダイエット中の個体でのサンプリング間隔よりも,体重変化と強く相関していた.
- 微生物群の安定性と生理学的変化への反応性の組み合わせを示した.
結論:
- 人間の腸内微生物群は,長期間安定性があり,菌株は何十年も存続します.
- 腸内微生物群は生理学的変化,特に体重変動に敏感です.
- これらの発見は,腸内微生物群が診断の貴重なツールとして,治療的介入のターゲットとして持つ可能性を裏付けています.
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