大気汚染と心不全の世界的関連:体系的なレビューとメタ解析

Anoop S V Shah¹, Jeremy P Langrish, Harish Nair

¹BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|July 16, 2013

まとめ

ガスや粒子状物質を含む大気汚染は,心不全による入院や死亡の増加と関連しています. PM2.5を減らすことで,何千人もの入院を予防し,毎年何百万人もの命を救うことができます.

科学分野:

環境衛生環境衛生環境衛生
心血管医学心血管医学
エピデミオロジーエピデミオロジー

背景:

急性大気汚染への曝露は心筋梗塞と関連しているが,心不全への影響は不明である.
急性不補償性心不全の入院と死亡率に対する大気汚染の影響を評価するための体系的なレビューとメタ解析.

研究の目的:

ガスおよび粒子状大気汚染物質の毎日の増加と心不全の入院または死亡率との関連性を評価する.
様々な大気汚染物質のリスク評価を定量化するために.

主な方法:

5つのデータベースの体系的なレビュー.
ガス状汚染物質 (CO,SO2,NO2,O3) と粒子状物質 (PM2.5,PM10) を調査した35件の研究が含まれています.
リスク推定に使用されるランダム効果モデル.

主要な成果:

CO,SO2,NO2の上昇は,心不全による入院/死亡率の増加と関連していました.
粒子状物質 (PM2.5,PM10) も有意な関連性を示した.
暴露の日に最も強い効果が観察され,PM2.5はより持続的な効果を持っています.

結論:

大気汚染は,心不全の入院と死亡率との明確な時間的関連を示しています.
大気汚染は公衆衛生上の重大な問題であり,心血管や経済に重大な影響を及ぼします.
開発途上国からのさらなる研究が必要ですが,世界の政策は,大気汚染の削減を目標にすべきです.

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