2012年,テキサス州ダラスで発生した西ナイルの脳炎の流行
Wendy M Chung1, Christen M Buseman, Sibeso N Joyner
1Epidemiology Program, Dallas County Health and Human Services, Dallas, Texas, USA.
JAMA
|July 18, 2013
まとめ
ダラス郡のウエストナイルウイルスの流行は,暖かい冬と予測可能な蚊の活動と関連しています. ベクトルインデックスを用いた早期発見と天候パターンを考慮すると,予防の努力を助けることができます.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- ベクトル媒介性疾患 ベクトル媒介性疾患
背景:
- ウェスト・ナイルウイルス (WNV) の流行は再び発生し,テキサス州ダラス郡は2012年に大規模な流行を経験しました.
- WNVのアウトブレイクを誘発する要因を理解することは,効果的な公衆衛生の介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2012年のダラス WNV 流行の流行学,気象学,地理空間的特徴を分析する.
- ウェストナイルウイルスの将来の予防戦略を伝えるために.
主な方法:
- ダラス郡 (2012年) の公衆衛生監視データを活用した.
- WNV症例数,蚊帳結果 (Culex quinquefasciatusベクトル指数),気象データ,緊急診療所の症候群監視を分析した.
- WNVの発生率,ベクトルインデックス,天候,地理空間的要因との関係を評価するために統計モデルを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- 2012年,西ナイル神経侵襲性疾患 (WNND) の173例と19人の死亡が確認され,2006年より高い発生率です.
- Cx quinquefasciatusベクトルインデックスは,1〜2週間前にWNND発症を正確に予測しました.
- WNNDの症例は,人口密度の高い地域に群集し,前年の地理空間パターンを反映した.
- 暖かい冬 (28°F以下の日数が少ない) は,より高いWNV流行と関連していました.
- 空中殺虫剤の噴射は,呼吸器系または皮膚発疹の緊急診察と有意な関連性を示さなかった.
結論:
- ダラス郡のWNVの流行は,暖かい冬の後,早期に発生します.
- WNVの地理的分布パターンは,年々一貫しています.
- 蚊のベクトル指数は,WNVの発生を強く予測する指標です.
- 天気パターン分析,過去データ,ベクトル監視を統合することで,WNVの予防を向上させることができます.
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