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西ナイルウイルス:文献のレビュー

Lyle R Petersen¹, Aaron C Brault, Roger S Nasci

¹Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. lxp2@cdc.gov

|July 18, 2013

まとめ

西ナイルウイルスは,米国における公衆衛生上の重大な脅威であり,広範な病気や神経侵襲性疾患を引き起こしています. 予防は,この持続的なアーボウイルスの課題を制御するために,統合された蚊管理に焦点を当てています.

科学分野:

節足類が媒介するウイルス性疾患
公衆衛生の監視は,公衆衛生の監視である.
感染症の疫学について

背景:

西ナイルウイルス (WNV) は1999年に北米で発生し,急速に主要な樹木ウイルス神経侵襲性疾患の発生を引き起こしました.
現在,アメリカ合衆国内で流行しており,健康上の懸念が続いている.

研究の目的:

西ナイルウイルスの包括的なレビューを提供するために.
北米におけるその生態学,ウイルス学,疫学,臨床プレゼンテーション,診断,予防戦略に重点を置く.

主な方法:

2013年2月5日までのPubMed電子データベースの文献検索.
疾病管理予防センター (CDC) の米国全国監視データの分析.

主要な成果:

1999年以来,1万6千件以上の神経侵襲的症例と1,500件の死亡が報告されており,78万件以上の疾患が推定されています.
神経侵襲性疾患は,感染者の<1%に影響しますが, ~10%の死亡率があります; 麻痺は長期的な弱さにつながる可能性があります.
診断はIgM抗体の検出に依存し,治療は補助的なもので,認可されたヒトワクチンはありません. 総合的な害虫管理は予防の鍵です.

結論:

ウェストナイルウイルスは,北米における重大な,継続的な臨床的および公衆衛生上の課題です.
継続的な警戒と統合管理戦略は,WNVの伝播と影響を制御するために不可欠です.

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