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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

エピジェネティック・トラップは,単一の嗅覚受容体発現を安定させる.

David B Lyons1, William E Allen, Tracie Goh

  • 1Tetrad Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ヒストンデメチラーゼLSD1とアデニリルサイクラゼ3 (Adcy3) は,嗅覚受容体 (OR) 発現を制御する. Adcy3はLSD1をダウンレギュレーションし,嗅覚感覚ニューロン (OSN) の単一のOR発現を安定させます.

さらに関連する動画

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 哺乳類における嗅覚受容体 (OR) 遺伝子発現を制御する分子機構は,依然としてほとんど不明である.
  • 嗅覚感覚ニューロン (OSN) が単一のOR発現を達成する方法を理解することは,嗅覚システムの機能にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 嗅覚受容体 (OR) 発現の開始と安定を調節する分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • OSNにおけるOR選択の表遺伝的調節に関与する重要なシグナル伝達経路を特定する.

主な方法:

  • OR発現におけるヒストンデメチラーゼLSD1とアデニリルサイクラゼ3 (Adcy3) の役割を調査した.
  • OSNにおけるLSD1とAdcy3の一時的な発現パターンと機能的相互作用を分析した.
  • LSD1,Adcy3,OSNの差異を含むシグナリングカスケードを調べました.

主要な成果:

  • OR転写を開始するには,LSD1の一時的な発現が必要であり,安定したOR発現には,そのダウンレギュレーションが不可欠である.
  • Adcy3のOR依存的発現は,センサーとフィードバック送信機として作用し,LSD1のダウンレギュレーションを媒介する.
  • Adcy3はOSNの分化を促進し,選択されたORの表遺伝子状態をロックし,単数表現を確保します.

結論:

  • LSD1とAdcy3を含む新しい3ノードシグナリングカスケードは,OR発現を調節する.
  • このカスケードは,選択されたアレルをエピジェネティックにロックし,さらなるOR活性化を防止することによって,単一のOR発現を安定させます.
  • この発見は,嗅覚系における遺伝子発現とニューロンの分化に対するエピジェネティック制御に関する重要な洞察を提供します.