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Updated: May 9, 2026
10:52
Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
Published on: August 13, 2016
皮質のダイネインと非対称な膜の伸びは,座標的にアナフェーゼのスパインドルを位置させます
Tomomi Kiyomitsu1, Iain M Cheeseman
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. tomomi.kiyomitsu@gmail.com
Cell
|July 23, 2013
まとめ
2つのメカニズムは,ヒトの細胞分裂中にスパインドルの位置を調整します. ダイネイン運動タンパク質と非対称な膜延長は,ミトスのスパインドルを中心にすることで,同じサイズの子細胞を確保します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ミトーシス・スパインドルの位置づけは,細胞運動と,等しい子細胞を生成するために極めて重要です.
- 細胞分裂の対称性のためにスパインドルの位置を制御するメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒト細胞の対称的に分裂するアナフェーズ中のスパインドルセンターのメカニズムを解明する.
- ダイネイン標的と細胞皮質の相互作用を調節する経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- スピンドルの位置づけにおけるダイネインモータータンパク質の機能を調査した.
- タンパク質の局所化と機能を研究するために,遺伝的および細胞生物学的なアプローチを活用しました.
- 細胞分裂中の細胞形態と膜動態を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 細胞皮質へのダイネインを標的にする2つの経路を特定した:Gαi/LGN/NuMA依存の1つの経路と,アナフェーズ特異の4.1G/RとNuMA依存の1つの経路.
- 非対称なプラズマ膜の伸びが,スパインドルの誤った位置に反応して発生することを実証した.
- Ran-GTPシグナル伝達は,アニリンを減少させることで,非対称な膜の伸びを調節することを示した.
- 延伸細胞の静止皮質にダイネイン依存のスパインドルアンカリングが確認された.
結論:
- 2つの協調したメカニズムは,等しく細胞分裂するための適切なスパインドルの位置づけを保証します.
- ダイネインの運動活動と調節された膜の伸びは,対称性サイトキネシスの鍵です.
- アナフェーズ特有の経路は,精密なスパインドルセンターに寄与する.
関連する概念動画
02:50Spindle Assembly
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
01:39Anaphase A and B
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
01:39Anaphase A and B
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
02:27The Mitotic Spindle
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
02:27The Mitotic Spindle
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
02:11Forces Acting on Chromosomes
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...