ドロソフィラの基本的な運動検出器の方向調整マップ
Matthew S Maisak1, Juergen Haag, Georg Ammer
1Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Nature
|August 9, 2013
まとめ
フルーツフライは,別々のONとOFF経路を使って視覚的動きを処理する. 特定のT4およびT5細胞は動きの方向を検知し,T4細胞は明るさの増加に反応し,T5細胞は明るさの減少に反応し,ハエの行動に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 計算神経科学とは
- 昆虫の視力とは
背景:
- 方向的運動検出は,基本的な視覚処理作業です.
- ハエでは,動きを処理する並列経路 (L1/L2からT4/T5細胞) が知られているが,記録の難しさのためにT4/T5細胞の機能は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラのT4およびT5細胞の視覚応答特性を調査する.
- 定向運動検出と視覚処理ストリームにおけるT4およびT5細胞の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラの遺伝子コード化されたカルシウム指標GCaMP5を用いた光学記録を用いた.
- オプトジェネティックに T4 または T5 細胞の出力を遮断し,下流のニューロンと行動に及ぼす影響を観察しました.
主要な成果:
- カーディナル方向 (前から後ろ,後ろから前,上,下) に調整された異なるT4およびT5細胞サブポポレーションを特定しました.
- 機能的な分離が実証されている:T4細胞は ON 辺 (明るさの増加) に反応し,T5細胞は OFF 辺 (減少) に反応する.
- T4/T5細胞の出力をブロックすると,対応するON/OFFエッジに対する反応が選択的に低下し,縛られたハエの回転行動が影響されます.
結論:
- ドロソフィラの視覚系は,運動処理を並行してONとOFFの経路に分割する.
- T4およびT5細胞は,これらの経路内の方向選択運動検出器として機能します.
- ロブラ・プレートに並べられた方向性チューニングを備えたコンバージングON/OFF経路は,下流回路と行動のためのソートされた運動情報を提供します.
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