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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
The Antenna Complex01:15

The Antenna Complex

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 8, 2026

Photobleaching Enables Super-resolution Imaging of the FtsZ Ring in the Cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus
10:09

Photobleaching Enables Super-resolution Imaging of the FtsZ Ring in the Cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus

Published on: November 6, 2018

リング状のRe(I) 多核複合体で,独特の光機能特性を有する.

Tatsuki Morimoto1, Chiaki Nishiura, Marina Tanaka

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,新しい放射性レニウム (renium) のリング状複合体 (Re-rings) を開発し,調節可能な光物理的性質を有した. これらの耐久性の高いリリング光敏感剤は,光触媒によるCO2削減の82%の量子収量を達成しました.

さらに関連する動画

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
12:19

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Published on: November 29, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Photobleaching Enables Super-resolution Imaging of the FtsZ Ring in the Cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus
10:09

Photobleaching Enables Super-resolution Imaging of the FtsZ Ring in the Cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus

Published on: November 6, 2018

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
12:19

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Published on: November 29, 2018

科学分野:

  • 無機化学 無機化学とは
  • フォトケミストリー フォトケミストリー
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • レーニウム ((I) 複合体は,その光発光特性で知られている.
  • 触媒的応用のための効率的な光敏感剤の開発は極めて重要です.
  • 複雑な構造を制御して,光物理学的性質を調整することは,依然として課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新規の環状レニウム (((I)) 複合体 (Re-rings) を合成し,特徴づけること.
  • 構造変化 (穴の大きさ,リガンドの長さ) が光物理学的性質に及ぼす影響を調査する.
  • 光触媒によるCO2削減における光敏感剤としてのこれらのリリングの性能を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 異なる数のRe(I) 単位とブリッジリガンドの長さを持つ一連の放射性Re(I) 複合体の合成.
  • 放射特性や興奮状態の寿命を含む光物理学的特徴.
  • CO2削減のための光触媒システムにおける光敏感剤としてのRe-リングの評価, fac-[Re(bpy) ((CO) 3 ((MeCN) ] ((+)) を触媒として使用する.

主要な成果:

  • 新型放射性Re(I) リング型の複合体 (Re-リング) を成功裏に合成しました.
  • Re-リングのより小さな中央空洞が分子内π-π相互作用を強化し,より強い放射とより長い興奮状態の寿命につながることを実証しました.
  • Re-リングは,効率的で耐久的な光敏感剤であることが証明されました.
  • 三核リ・リング光敏感剤とレニウム触媒を組み合わせた三核リ・リング光敏感剤は,二酸化炭素の削減のために82%の高量子収量を達成しました.

結論:

  • リング状のレニウム ((I) 複合体は,空洞の大きさに基づいて調整可能な光物理的特性を提供します.
  • これらのリリングは,効果的で頑丈な光敏感剤です.
  • 開発されたRe-リングベースのシステムは,効率的な光触媒によるCO2削減における重要な進歩を表しています.