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Newton's Law of Gravitation01:15

Newton's Law of Gravitation

11.8K
Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
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Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

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Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
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Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets01:24

Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets

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The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
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Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

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Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface....
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Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

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An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's...
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Gravitation01:16

Gravitation

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In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and...
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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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星の明るさの変動と表面重力の間の観測的相関.

Fabienne A Bastien1, Keivan G Stassun, Gibor Basri

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 1807 Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA. fabienne.a.bastien@vanderbilt.edu

Nature
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

重要な恒星特性である表面重力は,表面の粒化によって引き起こされる星の明るさの変動を分析することによって,より正確に決定することができます. この方法は,太陽のような星では25%以上の精度を提供します.

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科学分野:

  • 星の天体物理学 星の天体物理学
  • フォトメトリー・フォトメトリー
  • ステラ・プロパティス ステラ・プロパティス

背景:

  • 表面重力は恒星の基本的なパラメータですが,正確な測定は依然として困難です.
  • 顕微鏡検査や光度測定などの伝統的な方法は,それぞれ25~50%の不確実性と90~150%の不確実性をもたらします.
  • アステロシズモロジーは高精度 (約. 2%) であるが,特定の恒星型 (巨星) とより小さなサンプルに限られている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 表面重力を決定するために,恒星粒子の高精度輝度変化を用いて表面重力を決定する可能性を調査する.
  • 短時間スケールでの表面重力と明るさの変動の間の観測的相関を確立する.

主な方法:

  • 15万以上の星からのアーカイブデータの分析.
  • 8時間未満のタイムスケールでの明るさの変動に焦点を当ててください.
  • 粒子のフーリエ力と表面重力の相関分析.

主要な成果:

  • 特定の温度 (4,5006,750 K) と表面重力 (log g: 2.54.5 cgs) の範囲内の恒星の表面重力と根の正方形の平均輝度変動の間の観測的相関が発見された.
  • この相関は,全体的な明るさの変動が最小である (<0.3%) 恒星について成立します.
  • この方法は,主相から巨大進化の段階に至るまで,不活性な太陽のような恒星に対して25%以上の精度を達成しています.

結論:

  • 顆粒化によって導かれる光学的明るさの変動は,恒星の表面重力を決定するための実行可能な方法を提供します.
  • このテクニックは,太陽のような星について従来型のスペクトロスコープとフォトメトリックの方法と比較して,より高い精度を提供します.
  • この研究は,容易に入手可能な光度測定データを用いて,正確な恒星パラメータの決定のための新しい道を開く.