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貧困は認知機能を阻害する.

Anandi Mani1, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

貧困は,精神的資源を消費することによって,認知機能を直接的に損なう. この研究は,貧困層の認知能力の低下を示し,意思決定に影響を与え,貧困のサイクルを永続させています.

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科学分野:

  • 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
  • 貧困調査 貧困調査

背景:

  • 貧困は,しばしば最適でない意思決定と行動と関連付けられています.
  • これらの関連付けの基礎となる認知メカニズムは,未だに十分に理解されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • 認知機能に対する貧困の直接的な影響を調査する.
  • 混同要因ではなく,貧困そのものが認知能力を低下させるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 実験1:認知能力を測定するために,貧しい人や裕福な参加者に金銭的懸念を誘発した.
  • 実験2:収穫前 (貧乏) と収穫後 (富裕) の農家の認知機能を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 誘発された財政的な懸念は,貧しい参加者の認知能力を大幅に低下させましたが,裕福な参加者はそうではありませんでした.
  • 貧困状態 (収穫前) の農家は,財政的に安定した状態 (収穫後) に比べて,認知能力の低下を示した.
  • これらの認知機能の欠陥は,利用可能な時間,栄養,労働力,またはストレスレベルの違いに起因するものではありませんでした.

結論:

  • 貧困は認知機能を直接阻害し,おそらく必要不可欠な精神的資源を消費する.
  • この認知障害は,貧困層の間で観察される行動に関する新しい視点を提供します.
  • この発見は,効果的な貧困緩和政策を策定する上で重要な意味を持つ.