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関連する概念動画

Bacterial Toxins01:12

Bacterial Toxins

Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 8, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
10:30

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

炭毒素による致死の原因となる主な組織標的.

Shihui Liu1, Yi Zhang, Mahtab Moayeri

  • 1Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. shliu@niaid.nih.gov

Nature
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

バシルス・アントラシスの毒素は,特定の細胞タイプを損傷することによって致死性を引き起こします. アントラックス致死毒素 (LT) は心臓および血管細胞を標的とし,エデマ毒素 (ET) は主に肝細胞 (肝細胞) に影響を及ぼします.

さらに関連する動画

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy
14:29

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 1, 2012

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major
08:17

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
10:30

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy
14:29

Visualization of Bacterial Toxin Induced Responses Using Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 1, 2012

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major
08:17

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins Using Leishmania major

Published on: October 28, 2022

科学分野:

  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
  • 病理生理学 病理生理学とは

背景:

  • バシルス・アントラシスは,致死毒素 (LT) とエデマ毒素 (ET) の2つのエクソトキシンによって炭菌を引き起こす.
  • これらの毒素の致死的な効果に責任を負う特定の宿主細胞の標的は,未だに特定されていません.
  • 毛細血管形態生成タンパク質-2 (CMG2) は,これらの毒素の既知の受容体である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 宿主死亡につながる炭病致死毒素 (LT) と腫毒素 (ET) が標的となる重要な細胞タイプを明らかにする.
  • 炭毒素受容体CMG2が,異なる細胞タイプにおける毒素誘発による致死性を媒介する役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 細胞型特異的なCMG2-nullとCMG2-発現するマウスの生成.
  • これらの遺伝子組み換えマウスを,精製された炭病致死毒素 (LT) と腫毒素 (ET) で挑戦した.
  • 特定の細胞タイプの毒素誘発死亡率への貢献を評価する.

主要な成果:

  • LTによる致死には,心筋細胞と血管の滑らかな筋肉細胞の損傷が含まれます.
  • ET誘発の致死性は,主に肝細胞への作用を通して媒介されます.
  • 以前の仮説とは異なり,LTまたはETによる内皮細胞標的化は,死亡率に有意に寄与しない.

結論:

  • Bacillus anthracisは,異なる重要な臓器系を協調的に損傷することによって宿主の致死性を誘発するために,LTとETを使用します.
  • LTとETは,異なる細胞タイプのトロピズムを示し,致命的な効果のために別々の重要な細胞集団をターゲットにします.
  • 内皮細胞は炭毒素による致死性の主要な標的ではない.