エコーロケーションする哺乳類におけるコンバージェント進化の全ゲノムにわたるシグネチャー
Joe Parker1, Georgia Tsagkogeorga, James A Cotton
1School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. j.d.parker@qmul.ac.uk
Nature
|September 6, 2013
まとめ
収束する進化は,関係のない種で同様の特徴を駆動する. この研究では,哺乳類のゲノム,特に聴覚と視覚のための感覚遺伝子の間で,自然選択によって引き起こされる広範な配列収束が発見されました.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 分子進化は分子進化である.
背景:
- 進化は通常,遺伝的差異を含みますが,収束進化は,類似の選択圧力により,無関係な分類種で類似の特徴につながる可能性があります.
- 以前の研究では,収束進化が再発的な配列進化を誘導することが示唆されていたが,その全ゲノムにわたる遺伝子の範囲は知られていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 独立してエコロケーションを進化させた哺乳類における収束配列進化の全ゲノム規模の範囲を調査する.
- 収束進化は稀な出来事なのか,それとも自然選択によって引き起こされた広範な現象なのかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 4つの新しいコウモリゲノムを含む22の哺乳類のゲノム配列データの分析.
- 2,326のオーソログ的コーディング遺伝子配列内の805,053種類のアミノ酸の体系的な分析.
- 平行進化と自然選択のサインを検出するための統計的方法.
主要な成果:
- 分析された哺乳類のゲノム全体で約200の遺伝子位置に収束進化のサインを特定しました.
- 聴覚と難聴に関連する遺伝子の収束の強力な証拠が,エコーロケーションする哺乳類 (コウモリとボトル鼻のイルカ) で発見されました.
- 視力に関連する遺伝子の収束が観察され,収束信号の強さと自然選択の間の相関関係がある.
結論:
- 収束シーケンスの進化は,哺乳類のゲノム全体にわたる普遍的な現象であり,いくつかの場所に限定されていません.
- 場所ごとに少数のサイトに作用する自然選択は,一般的にこの広範な収束を駆動します.
- この発見は,似たような適応的ニーズを持つ遠い親類種のゲノムを形作る上で,収束進化の重要な役割を明らかにしています.
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