肥満に不一致する双子の腸内微生物群は,マウスの代謝を調節する
Vanessa K Ridaura1, Jeremiah J Faith, Federico E Rey
1Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 2013
まとめ
腸内微生物は,体組成に大きな影響を与えます. 肥満双子の微生物群をマウスに移植することで,体脂肪が増えたが,痩せていない微生物群を共同飼育することで,肥満が予防され,食事によって微生物の効果が変化した.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- メタボリック・ヘルス メタボリック・ヘルス
- 肥満に関する研究
背景:
- ホストの体組成に対する腸内微生物群の影響は完全に理解されていません.
- 肥満は,遺伝的および環境的要因の影響を受ける複雑な代謝状態です.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内微生物群経由で肥満に関連するフェノタイプの伝染性を調査する.
- 体組成の形成における食事と微生物群の相互作用に対する食事の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- 肥満と痩せた双子のペアから微生物群の糞便移植を,細菌のないマウスに.
- ネズミは,脂肪,果物,野菜の含有量が異なる食事を与えられました.
- コハウジングの実験は,微生物の相互作用を評価するために行われました.
主要な成果:
- 肥満双子の微生物群を移植すると,受容マウスの体質と脂肪量が増加しました.
- 痩せた双子の微生物群との共同飼育は,受容マウスの肥満発症を予防しました.
- 微生物の移動と肥満の予防は,バクテロイドス種を含む食事に依存していました.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群の組成は,宿主の体組成を決定する上で伝染性の役割を果たします.
- ダイエットは,腸内微生物群が代謝健康に与える影響を大きく調節する.
- ダイエットと腸内微生物の相互作用は,肥満への介入の潜在的なターゲットを提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:22Gut-Brain Axis
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
01:18Functions of the Gut Microbiota
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
01:30Development of Human Microbiota
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
01:27Microbiota of the Large Intestine
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
01:22Introduction to the Human Microbiota
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
01:27Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...