第1回連邦政府の資金による米国の禁煙全国メディアキャンペーンの効果
Tim McAfee1, Kevin C Davis2, Robert L Alexander1
1Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 14, 2013
まとめ
米国疾病管理予防センター (CDC) の"元喫煙者からのアドバイス"キャンペーンでは,喫煙者の禁煙の試みを大幅に増加させ,持続的な禁欲と公衆衛生の改善につながりました. この禁煙イニシアチブは,喫煙者の割合を減らすのに有効であることが示されました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- タバコの禁煙対策について
- 健康に関するコミュニケーション
背景:
- 喫煙は,年間500万人以上の世界的な死亡の原因であり,米国では流行率が減速しています.
- 米国疾病管理予防センター (CDC) は,2012年3月に"元喫煙者からのアドバイス" (Tips) キャンペーンを開始しました.
- このキャンペーンでは,感情を喚起するテレビ広告を活用し,喫煙による人々の苦しみを描写した.
研究 の 目的:
- 全国の禁煙キャンペーン"元喫煙者からのアドバイス" (Tips) の公衆衛生への影響と有効性を評価する.
- 禁煙行動と喫煙の危険性に関する公衆の議論に対するキャンペーンの影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 成人喫煙者と非喫煙者の全国的に代表的なコホートについて,ベースラインとフォローアップ調査を実施した.
- キャンペーンの前後のコホートベースの変化率を米国の国勢調査データに適用することによって,推定された全国キャンペーン効果.
- キャンペーン広告の測定されたリコールと,禁煙の試み,禁欲,および禁煙関連の議論の変化.
主要な成果:
- 喫煙者の78%,非喫煙者の74%がTipsの広告を見たことを思い出した.
- 禁煙の試みは12%増加 (相対的増加) し,全国的に推定164万件の追加禁煙試行があった.
- キャンペーン後,推定22万人の喫煙者が禁煙を続け,非喫煙者の禁煙勧告と喫煙の危険性に関する議論が著しく増加した.
結論:
- "元喫煙者からのヒント"という広範囲にわたるメディアキャンペーンは,人口レベルでの禁煙の試みを効果的に増加させ,持続的な禁煙を可能にしました.
- このキャンペーンは,米国の人口に300万から50万の品質調整された寿命年を追加したと推定されています.
- 似たようなキャンペーンのグローバルな実施は,たばこ対策の進展を加速させ,世界中で喫煙の蔓延を減らすことができます.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Stimulants
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Framing Effects
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...


