シルリアン時代のプラコダーマで,オステイクチアンのような縁縁の骨がある
Min Zhu1, Xiaobo Yu, Per Erik Ahlberg
1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn
Nature
|September 27, 2013
まとめ
4億1900万年前のプラコダーマ魚の化石は,の脊椎動物 (gnathostomes) が,軟骨魚と骨魚の系統に分割される前に皮膚の骨を進化させた可能性が高いことを明らかにしています. この発見は,初期の脊椎動物の進化に関する私たちの理解を再構築します.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 脊椎動物学 脊椎動物学
背景:
- グナトストーム (の脊椎動物) は,コンドリヒシス (軟骨魚) とオステイヒシス (骨魚と四足動物) で構成されています.
- 主な違いは,大皮の骨がOsteichthyesに存在し,Chondrichthyesには存在しないことです.
- これらの皮膚骨の進化的起源と祖先のグナトストームの形態論は議論されている.
研究 の 目的:
- 新しく発見された幹グナトストーム化石を記述するために.
- gnathostomeの進化の中でこの化石の系統遺伝的位置を調べるために.
- 冠状グナトストームの最後の共通の祖先の特徴を推論する.
主な方法:
- 中国のシルル紀の4億1900万年前の3D保存されたプラコダーマ魚の記述.
- 形態学的データを組み込んだ系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 化石は,皮膚の縁の骨 (前頭,上頭,歯) を含む最初の幹のグナトストームを表しています.
- 系統遺伝学的分析は,新しい形態をグナトストーム幹群の高い位置,主要なクラードの分岐点の近くに置いている.
- アカンソディアンは,コンドリキシアン幹群に属している.
結論:
- コンドリヒシスとオステイヒシスの最後の共通の祖先は,マクロメリックな皮膚骨格を持っていた可能性が高い.
- この発見は,のある脊椎動物の多様性を理解するための新しい枠組みを提供します.
- 皮膚の骨は,軟骨魚と骨魚の系統に分割される前に進化したことを示唆している.
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