豊富性と機能的特性を統合することで,魚の多様性の新たなグローバルホットスポットが明らかになりました
Rick D Stuart-Smith1, Amanda E Bates, Jonathan S Lefcheck
1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. rstuarts@utas.edu.au
Nature
|September 27, 2013
まとめ
グローバルな生物多様性は,単に種数を数えること以上のものです. 新しい研究は,機能的特徴と均一性が,特に温帯および熱帯地域で,生態系機能に影響を与える,隠された多様性のホットスポットを明らかにすることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学とは
- 生物多様性科学とは生物多様性に関する科学です.
- 保護生物学とは,自然保護の生物学です.
背景:
- 生物多様性の評価は歴史的に,種の豊かさによって支配されてきた.
- 生態学者と保全管理者は,多様性のパターンと管理を理解するために,富と発生に焦点を当てています.
- 最近の認識は,生態学的機能のための種の特徴,豊富さ,および個々の数の重要性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 伝統的な種豊かさの測定値と,種の豊富さや機能的特性を含む指標を比較する.
- より包括的なアプローチを使用して新しい生物多様性ホットスポットを特定する.
- 種多様性,機能的特徴,コミュニティの均等性,生態系機能の間の関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- 標準化された定量調査データを利用し,世界中の1,844のサイトで2,473の海洋サンゴ礁の魚種を調査した.
- 種の豊富さや機能的特徴 (Rao's Q) を含むメトリックで種の豊かさを比較した.
- コミュニティの均等性とその緯度傾向を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 温帯地域と熱帯の東太平洋における新しい多様性のホットスポットが特定され,高い機能的特性の多様性に関連しています.
- より高い緯度で,より大きなコミュニティの均等性の世界的な傾向が観察されました.
- 熱帯地域の種は,温帯地域と比較して,平均して生態系機能に比率的に少ない貢献をしていることがわかりました.
結論:
- 生物多様性の指標は,種の豊富さや機能的特徴を組み込んで,生態学的機能のグローバルなパターンのより適切な表現を提供します.
- 機能的な多様性と富のパターンは,種数のみに基づいているものとは異なり,温帯と熱帯のホットスポットを強調しています.
- 機能的な指標を統合することは,効果的な保全管理と生物多様性の価値を追跡するために不可欠です.
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