火星科学研究所からのX線 difraktion結果:ゲールクレーターにあるロックネストの鉱物学
D L Bish1, D F Blake, D T Vaniman
1Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. bish@indiana.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2013
まとめ
火星探査機Curiosityはロックネストの土壌を分析し,プラジオクラズやオリビンなどの鉱物を発見しました. 土壌は土壌である.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- ミネラロジーは,鉱物学です.
背景:
- 火星のゲールクレーターは,火星科学研究所ミッションの重要な調査拠点です.
- 火星の土壌の組成を理解することは,居住可能性と地質史の評価に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 火星の土壌サンプルの鉱物学的および化学的組成を特徴付ける.
- 火星の土壌を地上の類型と他の火星の地質学的材料と比較するために.
主な方法:
- Curiosityローバーによるサンプルの採取は,ロックネストのエオリア床形で行われた.
- 化学・鉱物学 (CheMin) 装置を用いたX線 difraksion (XRD) 分析.
主要な成果:
- 特定された結晶相には,プラジオクラゼ,フォーステリトオリビン,オーギット,そしてピュービーナイトが含まれています.
- 有意な量の無形なX線物質が検出され,Fe3+と揮発性フェーズを含んでいる可能性がある.
- 結晶成分は,グセフクレーターや火星の隕石からの玄武岩に似ています.
結論:
- ロックネストの火星の土壌は,他の火星の玄武岩物質と類似した鉱物学を示しています.
- アモルフな成分は,マウナ・ケア (ハワイ) のような地上の火山土壌と類似しています.
関連する概念動画
01:10X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
02:18X-ray Crystallography
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
01:29Determination of Crystal Structures
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...