ジェイク・Mの石油化学:火星のムゲアライト
E M Stolper1, M B Baker, M E Newcombe
1Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ems@gps.caltech.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2013
まとめ
Curiosityのローバー,Jake_Mによって分析された最初の火星の岩は,アルカリ性であり,断片化されており,地球のムゲアライトに似ています. これは,アルカリ性マグマが火星で一般的かもしれないことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学 惑星科学
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- 天体生物学 アストロバイオロジー
背景:
- キュリオシティローバーのアルファ粒子X線スペクトロメーター (APXS) は,最初の火星の岩を分析し,ジェイク_Mと名付けました.
- 火星の岩石の化学組成を理解することで,惑星の地質史と過去の生命の可能性についての洞察が得られます.
研究 の 目的:
- Jake_M岩の化学組成を決定するために.
- Jake_Mの組成を,既知の地上の岩石と火星の岩石と比較するために.
- Jake_M.を形成したマグマの過程を推論する.
主な方法:
- キュリオシティローバーのアルファ粒子X線スペクトロメーター (APXS) 装置を使用して,Jake_M岩の化学分析.
- Jake_Mの化学組成を,地上の岩石と火星の岩石のデータベースと比較.
主要な成果:
- Jake_Mは独特のアルカリ成分 (>15%の標準ネフェリン) を表しており,他の既知の火星岩石と比較して比較的分断されている.
- Jake_Mの組成は,通常,海洋島や大陸の裂け目で見られる陸上のムゲアライトに似ています.
- 岩の特徴は,アルカリ性または移行性マグマの広範な分量結晶化による形成を示唆しています.
結論:
- アルカリ性マグマは,以前考えられていたよりも火星に多く存在している可能性があります.
- キュリオシティは,ホノライトやトラキットなどの,より分断されたアルカリ性岩を火星で発見するかもしれない.
- この発見は,火星のマグマティズムと地質学的進化の理解に寄与する.
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