DEETと新しい昆虫駆除剤のための匂い受容体とニューロン
Pinky Kain1, Sean Michael Boyle, Sana Khalid Tharadra
11] Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA [2].
Nature
|October 4, 2013
まとめ
科学者たちは,フルーツのハエで,DEETを検出する新しい受容体,Ir40aを発見しました. この発見により,蚊に効果のある天然で安全で手頃な価格の昆虫駆除剤を特定することができました.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
- 化学生物学 化学生物学とは
背景:
- 効果的な昆虫駆除剤の開発は公衆衛生にとって極めて重要ですが,未知の嗅覚受容体と高い安全性試験コストのため,DEETの代替品を特定することは困難です.
- DEETの排斥作用の背後にある正確なメカニズムと関連する特定の嗅覚受容体は,依然としてほとんど特徴づけられていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 昆虫におけるDEET誘発の反発に起因する嗅覚受容体を特定する.
- 新しく安全で費用対効果の高い昆虫駆除剤の化合物を発見するためです.
主な方法:
- Drosophila melanogasterをモデル生物として利用し,DEET感受性ニューロンとその関連する嗅覚受容体を特定しました.
- 400,000以上の化合物の大規模な計算構造-活動関係スクリーンを採用し,潜在的な排斥剤候補者を特定しました.
- ドロソフィラと蚊の両方で特定された化合物による行動分析を実施しました.
主要な成果:
- ドロソフィラのアンテナサキュルスのDEET感受性ニューロンを特定し,高度に保存されたIr40a受容体を発現した.
- Ir40aを発現するニューロンを静止したり,Ir40aをダウンさせたりすると,ハエのDEET回避が廃止される.
- 計算上のスクリーンでは,100以上の天然化合物を潜在的排斥剤として特定し,いくつかはIr40a(+) ニューロンを活性化させ,ドロソフィラと蚊の排斥活性を示した.
- 候補の排斥剤は,プラスチック溶解性のない,手頃な価格の,軽いブドウのような匂いがする,そして3つは人間の食品消費に安全であると認識されています.
結論:
- Ir40a受容体は,ドロソフィラのDEETに対する嗅覚反発を媒介する重要な成分です.
- この研究は,天然の化合物から派生した新世代の昆虫駆除剤を開発するための道を開きます.
- 特定された駆除剤は,世界的に昆虫媒介の病気と戦うために有望で安全で費用対効果の高い戦略を提供します.
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