文学小説を読むことは,心の理論を改善します
David Comer Kidd1, Emanuele Castano
1The New School for Social Research, 80 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10011, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 5, 2013
まとめ
文学小説を読むことは,大人の心の理論 (Theory of Mind, ToM) を強化し,他者の精神状態を理解する能力を高めます. 社会的交流に不可欠なこのスキルは,ノンフィクションやポピュラーフィクションと比較して,文学フィクションと関わった後に改善されました.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 社会的神経科学とは
背景:
- 人間の社会関係は,他者の精神状態を理解することに依存し,これは"心の理論" (Theory of Mind, ToM) と呼ばれるスキルである.
- 成人のTOMを促す要因に関する研究は限られている.
- 文学フィクションがToMに与える潜在的な影響は,ほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 文学フィクションを読むことが,大人の心の理論 (Theory of Mind, ToM) を強化するかどうかを調査する.
- 文学フィクション,ノンフィクション,ポピュラーフィクションがToMのパフォーマンスに与える影響を比較する.
- ToMに対するアートエンゲージメントのより広い意味合いを探求する.
主な方法:
- ToMのパフォーマンスを評価するために,5つの実験が行われました.
- 参加者には,文学フィクション,ノンフィクション,ポピュラーフィクションを読んだり,読まないようにしたりするように割り当てられました.
- パフォーマンスは,感情的および認知的ToMのテストを使用して測定されました.
主要な成果:
- 文学小説を読むことは,すべての実験で感情的なToMテストのパフォーマンスを大幅に改善しました.
- コグニティブToMテストは,実験4と5で文学小説を読んだ後のパフォーマンスを向上させました.
- 文学フィクションは,ノンフィクション,ポピュラーフィクション,または読書なしと比較して,ToMにとってより大きな利点を示しました.
結論:
- 文学フィクションは,成人の感情的および認知的理論の両方を一時的に強化します.
- 文学芸術との関わりは,ToMの開発と改善の重要な要因である可能性があります.
- 発見は,芸術的な関与と洗練された社会的認知の間のリンクを示唆しています.
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