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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

2.5K
2.5K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.9K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.0K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
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霊長類のトランスクリプトとタンパク質発現レベルは,補償的選択圧力の下で進化する.

Zia Khan1, Michael J Ford, Darren A Cusanovich

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 19, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

タンパク質とメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の発現は,霊長類の種によって異なった形で進化した. タンパク質レベルは,より強い進化的制約を示しており,霊長類の進化の間にmRNAレベルよりも保存されていることを示しています.

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • プロテオミクスはプロテオミクスを用います.

背景:

  • 遺伝子調節の変化は,霊長類の進化にとって極めて重要です.
  • メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) 発現の差異は文書化されているが,タンパク質発現の差異はあまり理解されていない.
  • タンパク質発現は,表型差異の鍵である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 類人猿の種間のmRNAとタンパク質発現の相違を比較する.
  • mRNAの分岐がタンパク質の分岐を反映しているかどうかを判断する.
  • mRNAとタンパク質のレベルにおける進化的制約を評価する.

主な方法:

  • タンパク質発現測定のための定量質量スペクトロメトリ.
  • 人間,チンパンジー, rhesus macaque の細胞系を分析した.
  • タンパク質発現データとトランスクリプト発現データの比較.

主要な成果:

  • 数十の遺伝子は,有意なmRNA発現の違いを示したが,種間のタンパク質発現の違いは最小限であった.
  • タンパク質発現レベルは,霊長類のmRNAレベルよりも保存されているように見える.
  • タンパク質発現に対するより強い進化的制約を示唆する.

結論:

  • タンパク質発現は,mRNA発現よりも大きな進化的制約の下で進化する.
  • mRNAレベルは,霊長類の進化におけるタンパク質レベルの差異を正確に反映していない可能性があります.
  • タンパク質の進化を研究することで,表型の違いを理解する重要性を強調する.