ジョージア州ドマニシの完全な頭蓋骨と,初期のホモの進化生物学
David Lordkipanidze1, Marcia S Ponce de León, Ann Margvelashvili
1Georgian National Museum, 3 Purtseladze Street, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 19, 2013
まとめ
ジョージア州ドマニシから発見された新しい化石の頭蓋骨は,初期のホモは有意な多様性を有していたことを明らかにしています. この発見は,180万年前にアフリカの外で進化したホモの単一の系統を裏付けている.
科学分野:
- 古人類学は,古人類学である.
- 人間の進化 人類の進化
- プレイストセンの考古学
背景:
- ジョージア州のドマニシ遺跡は,重要なヒト類化石を提供している.
- これらの化石は,約180万年前,アフリカ外でのホモの存在を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- プレイストセンの初期に発見された,完全に保存された成人ホミニドの頭蓋骨 (D4500/D2600) について報告します.
- この新しい標本の形態学的特徴を分析し,既存の初期のホモ化石と比較する.
主な方法:
- ドマニシの遺跡でヒト類の頭蓋骨と頭蓋骨後の遺骸の発掘と回収.
- 新しい頭蓋骨 (D4500) と下 (D2600) の詳細な形態学的分析.
- アフリカとユーラシアの他の初期のホモ化石との比較分析.
主要な成果:
- ドマニシのサンプルには,新しい成人ホミニドの頭蓋骨 (D4500/D2600) が含まれており,これはプレイストセンの初期に発見された最初の完全な頭蓋骨である.
- この頭蓋骨には,小さな脳蓋 (546cc) が,大きな胎児の顔と組み合わせられています.
- 形態学的特徴は,アフリカから発見された最も古いホモ化石と強い類似性を示しています.
結論:
- 現在5つの頭蓋骨を持つDmanisiのホミニド標本は,初期のホモ集団内の実質的な形態学的変化を示しています.
- この変異は,大陸にわたる連続した地理的分布を持つ初期のホモの単一の進化する系統を示唆しています.
- この発見は,複数の異なる種ではなく,統一された初期のホモ系統の仮説を裏付けている.
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